Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 191 |
| Number of pages | 18 |
| Journal | Lubricants |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| Publication status | Published - 28 May 2024 |
Abstract
The role of industrial lubricants in machinery is to reduce friction and wear between moving components. Due to the United Nations’ tendency to reduce dependency on fossil fuel, a general awareness is strongly driven towards developing more eco-friendly lubricants. Palm oil possesses promising properties, which promote it to be a competitive alternative to the hostile mineral oils. Still, marginal oxidation stability, viscosity, and tribological properties remain critical issues for performance improvement. This paper presents an improved palm grease using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-additives at different concentrations. Oil and grease samples were tested for viscosity, oxidation stability, pour point, penetration, roll stability, dropping point, churned grease-oil release, copper corrosion, friction, and wear. ZnO additives enhanced the oxidation stability by 60% and shifted the pour point to 6 °C. Adding ZnO and rGO to the palm grease increased the load-carrying capacity between 30% and 60%, respectively, and reduced the friction coefficient by up to 60%. From the wear scar morphologies, it is believed that graphene 2D nanoparticles formed absorption layers which contributed to the increase in load-carrying capacity, while ZnO chemically reacted with the metallic surface layer, forming zinc compounds that resulted in a protective boundary lubricating film.
Keywords
- coefficient of friction, grease synthesis, nanoparticles, oxidation stability, palm oil, viscosity, wear resistance
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Engineering(all)
- Mechanical Engineering
- Materials Science(all)
- Surfaces, Coatings and Films
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In: Lubricants, Vol. 12, No. 6, 191, 28.05.2024.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Tribological and Chemical–Physical Behavior of a Novel Palm Grease Blended with Zinc Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nano-Additives
AU - Nassef, Mohamed G.A.
AU - Nassef, Belal G.
AU - Hassan, Hassan S.
AU - Nassef, Galal A.
AU - Elkady, Marwa
AU - Pape, Florian
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.
PY - 2024/5/28
Y1 - 2024/5/28
N2 - The role of industrial lubricants in machinery is to reduce friction and wear between moving components. Due to the United Nations’ tendency to reduce dependency on fossil fuel, a general awareness is strongly driven towards developing more eco-friendly lubricants. Palm oil possesses promising properties, which promote it to be a competitive alternative to the hostile mineral oils. Still, marginal oxidation stability, viscosity, and tribological properties remain critical issues for performance improvement. This paper presents an improved palm grease using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-additives at different concentrations. Oil and grease samples were tested for viscosity, oxidation stability, pour point, penetration, roll stability, dropping point, churned grease-oil release, copper corrosion, friction, and wear. ZnO additives enhanced the oxidation stability by 60% and shifted the pour point to 6 °C. Adding ZnO and rGO to the palm grease increased the load-carrying capacity between 30% and 60%, respectively, and reduced the friction coefficient by up to 60%. From the wear scar morphologies, it is believed that graphene 2D nanoparticles formed absorption layers which contributed to the increase in load-carrying capacity, while ZnO chemically reacted with the metallic surface layer, forming zinc compounds that resulted in a protective boundary lubricating film.
AB - The role of industrial lubricants in machinery is to reduce friction and wear between moving components. Due to the United Nations’ tendency to reduce dependency on fossil fuel, a general awareness is strongly driven towards developing more eco-friendly lubricants. Palm oil possesses promising properties, which promote it to be a competitive alternative to the hostile mineral oils. Still, marginal oxidation stability, viscosity, and tribological properties remain critical issues for performance improvement. This paper presents an improved palm grease using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-additives at different concentrations. Oil and grease samples were tested for viscosity, oxidation stability, pour point, penetration, roll stability, dropping point, churned grease-oil release, copper corrosion, friction, and wear. ZnO additives enhanced the oxidation stability by 60% and shifted the pour point to 6 °C. Adding ZnO and rGO to the palm grease increased the load-carrying capacity between 30% and 60%, respectively, and reduced the friction coefficient by up to 60%. From the wear scar morphologies, it is believed that graphene 2D nanoparticles formed absorption layers which contributed to the increase in load-carrying capacity, while ZnO chemically reacted with the metallic surface layer, forming zinc compounds that resulted in a protective boundary lubricating film.
KW - coefficient of friction
KW - grease synthesis
KW - nanoparticles
KW - oxidation stability
KW - palm oil
KW - viscosity
KW - wear resistance
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85197932214&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/lubricants12060191
DO - 10.3390/lubricants12060191
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85197932214
VL - 12
JO - Lubricants
JF - Lubricants
SN - 2075-4442
IS - 6
M1 - 191
ER -