Spectral Hong-Ou-Mandel Effect between a Heralded Single-Photon State and a Thermal Field: Multiphoton Contamination and the Nonclassicality Threshold

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Original languageEnglish
Article number233601
Number of pages6
JournalPhysical review letters
Volume131
Issue number23
Publication statusPublished - 4 Dec 2023

Abstract

The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect is crucial for quantum information processing, and its visibility determines the system's quantum-classical characteristics. In an experimental and theoretical study of the spectral HOM effect between a thermal field and a heralded single-photon state, we demonstrate that the HOM visibility varies dependent on the relative photon statistics of the interacting fields. Our findings reveal that multiphoton components in a heralded state get engaged in quantum interference with a thermal field, resulting in improved visibilities at certain mean photon numbers. We derive a theoretical relationship for the HOM visibility as a function of the mean photon number of the thermal field and the thermal part of the heralded state. We show that the nonclassicality degree of a heralded state is reflected in its HOM visibility with a thermal field; our results establish a lower bound of 41.42% for the peak visibility, indicating the minimum assignable degree of nonclassicality to the heralded state. This research enhances our understanding of the HOM effect and its application to high-speed remote secret key sharing, addressing security concerns due to multiphoton contamination in heralded states.

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Spectral Hong-Ou-Mandel Effect between a Heralded Single-Photon State and a Thermal Field: Multiphoton Contamination and the Nonclassicality Threshold. / Khodadad Kashi, Anahita; Caspani, Lucia; Kues, Michael.
In: Physical review letters, Vol. 131, No. 23, 233601, 04.12.2023.

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title = "Spectral Hong-Ou-Mandel Effect between a Heralded Single-Photon State and a Thermal Field: Multiphoton Contamination and the Nonclassicality Threshold",
abstract = "The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect is crucial for quantum information processing, and its visibility determines the system's quantum-classical characteristics. In an experimental and theoretical study of the spectral HOM effect between a thermal field and a heralded single-photon state, we demonstrate that the HOM visibility varies dependent on the relative photon statistics of the interacting fields. Our findings reveal that multiphoton components in a heralded state get engaged in quantum interference with a thermal field, resulting in improved visibilities at certain mean photon numbers. We derive a theoretical relationship for the HOM visibility as a function of the mean photon number of the thermal field and the thermal part of the heralded state. We show that the nonclassicality degree of a heralded state is reflected in its HOM visibility with a thermal field; our results establish a lower bound of 41.42% for the peak visibility, indicating the minimum assignable degree of nonclassicality to the heralded state. This research enhances our understanding of the HOM effect and its application to high-speed remote secret key sharing, addressing security concerns due to multiphoton contamination in heralded states.",
author = "{Khodadad Kashi}, Anahita and Lucia Caspani and Michael Kues",
note = "Funding Information: This research was funded by the German Research Foundation (EXC 2122, Project ID 390833453); European Research Council (Grant Agreement No. 947603 (QFreC project)); Federal Ministry of Education and Research (PQuMal project, Quantum Futur Program); EPSRC (EP/V062492/1). ",
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AU - Khodadad Kashi, Anahita

AU - Caspani, Lucia

AU - Kues, Michael

N1 - Funding Information: This research was funded by the German Research Foundation (EXC 2122, Project ID 390833453); European Research Council (Grant Agreement No. 947603 (QFreC project)); Federal Ministry of Education and Research (PQuMal project, Quantum Futur Program); EPSRC (EP/V062492/1).

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