Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 364-376 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | TECTONICS |
| Volume | 32 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Jun 2013 |
Abstract
K-Ar dating of fault rocks coupled with hydrogen isotope analysis allows constraining the timing of brittle faulting and the influx of meteoric fluids into such fault systems. Here we apply this approach to resolve the spatiotemporal activity of three detachment-fault systems in western Turkey and to evaluate how deep meteoric fluids infiltrated these fault systems. K-Ar ages of cataclasites and gouges from two detachment fault systems that accomplished the bivergent extension of the central Menderes Massif suggest diachronous brittle deformation. The Büyük Menderes detachment in the south was already active at ∼22 Ma, whereas the earliest brittle deformation recorded at the Gediz fault system in the north occurred at ∼9 Ma. K-Ar ages of secondary and splay faults indicate that both fault systems continued to be active until 4-3 Ma - consistent with rapid Pliocene cooling inferred from published thermochronological data. In the northern Menderes Massif, the boundary fault of the Simav graben became active at 17-16 Ma, after the end of faulting on the Simav detachment. Hydrogen isotope (δD) values of -109‰ to -87‰ for fault gouges, cataclasites, and mylonites document that meteoric fluids infiltrated the upper crustal normal faults and penetrated into the detachments and the uppermost levels of their mylonitic footwalls. This explains the ubiquitous retrogression of biotite to chlorite in extensional shear zones and the growth of chlorite in detachment-related cataclasites. Our results document that brittle normal faults were active over ∼20 Ma of the extensional history and provided effective pathways for meteoric fluids.
Keywords
- brittle faulting, fault gouge, hydrogen isotopes, K-Ar dating
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)
- Geophysics
- Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)
- Geochemistry and Petrology
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In: TECTONICS, Vol. 32, No. 3, 01.06.2013, p. 364-376.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Spatiotemporal evolution of brittle normal faulting and fluid infiltration in detachment fault systems
T2 - A case study from the Menderes Massif, western Turkey
AU - Hetzel, Ralf
AU - Zwingmann, Horst
AU - Mulch, Andreas
AU - Gessner, Klaus
AU - Akal, Cüneyt
AU - Hampel, Andrea
AU - Güngör, Talip
AU - Petschick, Rainer
AU - Mikes, Tamás
AU - Wedin, Francis
PY - 2013/6/1
Y1 - 2013/6/1
N2 - K-Ar dating of fault rocks coupled with hydrogen isotope analysis allows constraining the timing of brittle faulting and the influx of meteoric fluids into such fault systems. Here we apply this approach to resolve the spatiotemporal activity of three detachment-fault systems in western Turkey and to evaluate how deep meteoric fluids infiltrated these fault systems. K-Ar ages of cataclasites and gouges from two detachment fault systems that accomplished the bivergent extension of the central Menderes Massif suggest diachronous brittle deformation. The Büyük Menderes detachment in the south was already active at ∼22 Ma, whereas the earliest brittle deformation recorded at the Gediz fault system in the north occurred at ∼9 Ma. K-Ar ages of secondary and splay faults indicate that both fault systems continued to be active until 4-3 Ma - consistent with rapid Pliocene cooling inferred from published thermochronological data. In the northern Menderes Massif, the boundary fault of the Simav graben became active at 17-16 Ma, after the end of faulting on the Simav detachment. Hydrogen isotope (δD) values of -109‰ to -87‰ for fault gouges, cataclasites, and mylonites document that meteoric fluids infiltrated the upper crustal normal faults and penetrated into the detachments and the uppermost levels of their mylonitic footwalls. This explains the ubiquitous retrogression of biotite to chlorite in extensional shear zones and the growth of chlorite in detachment-related cataclasites. Our results document that brittle normal faults were active over ∼20 Ma of the extensional history and provided effective pathways for meteoric fluids.
AB - K-Ar dating of fault rocks coupled with hydrogen isotope analysis allows constraining the timing of brittle faulting and the influx of meteoric fluids into such fault systems. Here we apply this approach to resolve the spatiotemporal activity of three detachment-fault systems in western Turkey and to evaluate how deep meteoric fluids infiltrated these fault systems. K-Ar ages of cataclasites and gouges from two detachment fault systems that accomplished the bivergent extension of the central Menderes Massif suggest diachronous brittle deformation. The Büyük Menderes detachment in the south was already active at ∼22 Ma, whereas the earliest brittle deformation recorded at the Gediz fault system in the north occurred at ∼9 Ma. K-Ar ages of secondary and splay faults indicate that both fault systems continued to be active until 4-3 Ma - consistent with rapid Pliocene cooling inferred from published thermochronological data. In the northern Menderes Massif, the boundary fault of the Simav graben became active at 17-16 Ma, after the end of faulting on the Simav detachment. Hydrogen isotope (δD) values of -109‰ to -87‰ for fault gouges, cataclasites, and mylonites document that meteoric fluids infiltrated the upper crustal normal faults and penetrated into the detachments and the uppermost levels of their mylonitic footwalls. This explains the ubiquitous retrogression of biotite to chlorite in extensional shear zones and the growth of chlorite in detachment-related cataclasites. Our results document that brittle normal faults were active over ∼20 Ma of the extensional history and provided effective pathways for meteoric fluids.
KW - brittle faulting
KW - fault gouge
KW - hydrogen isotopes
KW - K-Ar dating
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84877122811&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/tect.20031
DO - 10.1002/tect.20031
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84877122811
VL - 32
SP - 364
EP - 376
JO - TECTONICS
JF - TECTONICS
SN - 0278-7407
IS - 3
ER -