Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 23-32 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing |
| Volume | 61 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| Early online date | 11 Sept 2006 |
| Publication status | Published - Oct 2006 |
Abstract
The most commonly used topographic vector data, the reference data of national geographic information systems (GIS) are currently two-dimensional. The topography is modelled by different objects which are represented by single points, lines and areas with additional attributes containing information, for instance on the function and size of the object. In contrast, a digital terrain model (DTM) in most cases is a 2.5D representation of the earth's surface. The integration of the two data sets leads to an augmentation of the dimension of the topographic objects. However, due to inconsistencies between the data the integration process may lead to semantically incorrect results. This paper presents a new approach for the integration of a DTM and 2D GIS vector data including the re-establishment of the semantic correctness of the integrated data set. The algorithm consists of two steps. In the first step the DTM and the topographic objects are integrated without considering the semantics of the objects. This geometric integration is based on a DTM TIN (triangular irregular network) computed using a constrained Delaunay triangulation. In the second step those objects which contain implicit height information are further utilized: object representations are formulated and the semantics of the objects are considered within an optimization process using equality and inequality constraints. The algorithm is based on an inequality constrained least squares adjustment formulated as the linear complementary problem (LCP). The algorithm results in an integrated semantically correct 2.5D GIS data set. Results are presented using simulated and real data. Lakes represented by horizontal planes with increasing terrain outside the lake and roads which are composed of several tilted planes were investigated. The algorithm shows satisfying results: the constraints are fulfilled and the visualization of the integrated data set corresponds to the human view of the topography.
Keywords
- Adjustment, DTM, GIS, Integration, Modelling
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physics and Astronomy(all)
- Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
- Engineering(all)
- Engineering (miscellaneous)
- Computer Science(all)
- Computer Science Applications
- Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)
- Computers in Earth Sciences
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In: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Vol. 61, No. 1, 10.2006, p. 23-32.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Semantically correct 2.5D GIS data
T2 - The integration of a DTM and topographic vector data
AU - Koch, Andreas
AU - Heipke, Christian
N1 - Funding Information: This research was generously supported by the State Surveying Authority of Lower Saxony Landesvermessung und Geobasisinformation Niedersachsen (LGN). We also express our gratitude to LGN for providing the data.
PY - 2006/10
Y1 - 2006/10
N2 - The most commonly used topographic vector data, the reference data of national geographic information systems (GIS) are currently two-dimensional. The topography is modelled by different objects which are represented by single points, lines and areas with additional attributes containing information, for instance on the function and size of the object. In contrast, a digital terrain model (DTM) in most cases is a 2.5D representation of the earth's surface. The integration of the two data sets leads to an augmentation of the dimension of the topographic objects. However, due to inconsistencies between the data the integration process may lead to semantically incorrect results. This paper presents a new approach for the integration of a DTM and 2D GIS vector data including the re-establishment of the semantic correctness of the integrated data set. The algorithm consists of two steps. In the first step the DTM and the topographic objects are integrated without considering the semantics of the objects. This geometric integration is based on a DTM TIN (triangular irregular network) computed using a constrained Delaunay triangulation. In the second step those objects which contain implicit height information are further utilized: object representations are formulated and the semantics of the objects are considered within an optimization process using equality and inequality constraints. The algorithm is based on an inequality constrained least squares adjustment formulated as the linear complementary problem (LCP). The algorithm results in an integrated semantically correct 2.5D GIS data set. Results are presented using simulated and real data. Lakes represented by horizontal planes with increasing terrain outside the lake and roads which are composed of several tilted planes were investigated. The algorithm shows satisfying results: the constraints are fulfilled and the visualization of the integrated data set corresponds to the human view of the topography.
AB - The most commonly used topographic vector data, the reference data of national geographic information systems (GIS) are currently two-dimensional. The topography is modelled by different objects which are represented by single points, lines and areas with additional attributes containing information, for instance on the function and size of the object. In contrast, a digital terrain model (DTM) in most cases is a 2.5D representation of the earth's surface. The integration of the two data sets leads to an augmentation of the dimension of the topographic objects. However, due to inconsistencies between the data the integration process may lead to semantically incorrect results. This paper presents a new approach for the integration of a DTM and 2D GIS vector data including the re-establishment of the semantic correctness of the integrated data set. The algorithm consists of two steps. In the first step the DTM and the topographic objects are integrated without considering the semantics of the objects. This geometric integration is based on a DTM TIN (triangular irregular network) computed using a constrained Delaunay triangulation. In the second step those objects which contain implicit height information are further utilized: object representations are formulated and the semantics of the objects are considered within an optimization process using equality and inequality constraints. The algorithm is based on an inequality constrained least squares adjustment formulated as the linear complementary problem (LCP). The algorithm results in an integrated semantically correct 2.5D GIS data set. Results are presented using simulated and real data. Lakes represented by horizontal planes with increasing terrain outside the lake and roads which are composed of several tilted planes were investigated. The algorithm shows satisfying results: the constraints are fulfilled and the visualization of the integrated data set corresponds to the human view of the topography.
KW - Adjustment
KW - DTM
KW - GIS
KW - Integration
KW - Modelling
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33748946756&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2006.07.005
DO - 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2006.07.005
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:33748946756
VL - 61
SP - 23
EP - 32
JO - ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
JF - ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
SN - 0924-2716
IS - 1
ER -