Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 65 |
| Number of pages | 24 |
| Journal | Plants |
| Volume | 10 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| Early online date | 30 Dec 2020 |
| Publication status | Published - Jan 2021 |
Abstract
Exposure of the fruit surface to moisture during early development is causal in russeting of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). Moisture exposure results in formation of microcracks and de-creased cuticle thickness. Periderm differentiation begins in the hypodermis, but only after discon-tinuation of moisture exposure. Expressions of selected genes involved in cutin, wax and suberin synthesis were quantified, as were the wax, cutin and suberin compositions. Experiments were con-ducted in two phases. In Phase I (31 days after full bloom) the fruit surface was exposed to moisture for 6 or 12 d. Phase II was after moisture exposure had been discontinued. Unexposed areas on the same fruit served as unexposed controls. During Phase I, cutin and wax synthesis genes were down-regulated only in the moisture-exposed patches. During Phase II, suberin synthesis genes were up-regulated only in the moisture-exposed patches. The expressions of cutin and wax genes in the moisture-exposed patches increased slightly during Phase II, but the levels of expression were much lower than in the control patches. Amounts and compositions of cutin, wax and suberin were con-sistent with the gene expressions. Thus, moisture-induced russet is a two-step process: moisture exposure reduces cutin and wax synthesis, moisture removal triggers suberin synthesis.
Keywords
- Cuticle, Cutin, Malus × domestica, Periderm, Russet, Suberin, Wax
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all)
- Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
- Environmental Science(all)
- Ecology
- Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all)
- Plant Science
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In: Plants, Vol. 10, No. 1, 65, 01.2021.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Russeting in Apple is Initiated after Exposure to Moisture Ends
T2 - Molecular and Biochemical Evidence
AU - Straube, Jannis
AU - Chen, Yun Hao
AU - Khanal, Bishnu P.
AU - Shumbusho, Alain
AU - Zeisler-Diehl, Viktoria
AU - Suresh, Kiran
AU - Schreiber, Lukas
AU - Knoche, Moritz
AU - Debener, Thomas
N1 - Funding Information: This research was supported by a grant (DE 511/9-1) from the Deutsche Forschungsge-meinschaft (DFG). The publication of this article was funded by the Open Access fund of the Leibniz Universit?t Hannover.
PY - 2021/1
Y1 - 2021/1
N2 - Exposure of the fruit surface to moisture during early development is causal in russeting of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). Moisture exposure results in formation of microcracks and de-creased cuticle thickness. Periderm differentiation begins in the hypodermis, but only after discon-tinuation of moisture exposure. Expressions of selected genes involved in cutin, wax and suberin synthesis were quantified, as were the wax, cutin and suberin compositions. Experiments were con-ducted in two phases. In Phase I (31 days after full bloom) the fruit surface was exposed to moisture for 6 or 12 d. Phase II was after moisture exposure had been discontinued. Unexposed areas on the same fruit served as unexposed controls. During Phase I, cutin and wax synthesis genes were down-regulated only in the moisture-exposed patches. During Phase II, suberin synthesis genes were up-regulated only in the moisture-exposed patches. The expressions of cutin and wax genes in the moisture-exposed patches increased slightly during Phase II, but the levels of expression were much lower than in the control patches. Amounts and compositions of cutin, wax and suberin were con-sistent with the gene expressions. Thus, moisture-induced russet is a two-step process: moisture exposure reduces cutin and wax synthesis, moisture removal triggers suberin synthesis.
AB - Exposure of the fruit surface to moisture during early development is causal in russeting of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). Moisture exposure results in formation of microcracks and de-creased cuticle thickness. Periderm differentiation begins in the hypodermis, but only after discon-tinuation of moisture exposure. Expressions of selected genes involved in cutin, wax and suberin synthesis were quantified, as were the wax, cutin and suberin compositions. Experiments were con-ducted in two phases. In Phase I (31 days after full bloom) the fruit surface was exposed to moisture for 6 or 12 d. Phase II was after moisture exposure had been discontinued. Unexposed areas on the same fruit served as unexposed controls. During Phase I, cutin and wax synthesis genes were down-regulated only in the moisture-exposed patches. During Phase II, suberin synthesis genes were up-regulated only in the moisture-exposed patches. The expressions of cutin and wax genes in the moisture-exposed patches increased slightly during Phase II, but the levels of expression were much lower than in the control patches. Amounts and compositions of cutin, wax and suberin were con-sistent with the gene expressions. Thus, moisture-induced russet is a two-step process: moisture exposure reduces cutin and wax synthesis, moisture removal triggers suberin synthesis.
KW - Cuticle
KW - Cutin
KW - Malus × domestica
KW - Periderm
KW - Russet
KW - Suberin
KW - Wax
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85098889648&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/plants10010065
DO - 10.3390/plants10010065
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85098889648
VL - 10
JO - Plants
JF - Plants
IS - 1
M1 - 65
ER -