TY - JOUR

T1 - Robust and scalable rf spectroscopy in first-order magnetic sensitive states at second-long coherence time

AU - Yeh, C. H.

AU - Grensemann, K. C.

AU - Dreissen, L. S.

AU - Fürst, H. A.

AU - Mehlstäubler, T. E.

N1 - Funding Information: We would like to thank Melina Filzinger, Nils Huntemann and Ekkehard Peik for helpful discussions. This project has been funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy—EXC-2123 QuantumFrontiers -390837967 (RU B06) and through Grant No. CRC 1227 (DQ-mat, Project B03). This work has been supported by the Max-Planck-RIKEN-PTB-Center for Time, Constants and Fundamental Symmetries. L S D acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt foundation.

PY - 2023/10/3

Y1 - 2023/10/3

N2 - Trapped-ion quantum sensors have become highly sensitive tools for the search of physics beyond the Standard Model. Recently, stringent tests of local Lorentz-invariance (LLI) have been conducted with precision spectroscopy in trapped ions (Pruttivarasin et al 2015 Nature 517 592-5, Megidish et al 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 123605, Sanner et al 2019 Nature 567 204-8, Dreissen et al 2022 Nat. Commun. 13 1-6) . We here elaborate on robust radio-frequency composite-pulse spectroscopy at second long coherence times in the magnetic sublevels of the long-lived 2 F 7 / 2 state of a trapped 172Yb+ ion which is scalable to spatially extended multi-ion systems. We compare two Ramsey-type composite rf pulse sequences, a generalized spin-echo (GSE) sequence (Shaniv et al 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 103202) and a sequence based on universal rotations with 10 rephasing pulses (UR10) (Genov et al 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 133202) that decouple the energy levels from magnetic field noise, enabling robust and accurate spectroscopy. Both sequences are characterized theoretically and experimentally in the spin- 1 / 2 2 S 1 / 2 electronic ground state of 172Yb+ and results show that the UR10 sequence is 38 (13) times more robust against pulse duration (frequency detuning) errors than the GSE sequence. We extend our simulations to the eight-level manifold of the 2 F 7 / 2 state, which is highly sensitive to a possible violation of LLI, and show that the UR10 sequence can be used for high-fidelity Ramsey spectroscopy in noisy environments. The UR10 sequence is implemented experimentally in the 2 F 7 / 2 manifold and a coherent signal of up to 2.5 s is reached. In (Dreissen et al 2022 Nat. Commun. 13 1-6) we have implemented this sequence and used it to perform the most stringent test of LLI in the electron-photon sector to date with a single Yb+ ion. Due to the high robustness of the UR10 sequence, it can be applied on larger ion crystals to improve tests of Lorentz symmetry further. We demonstrate that the sequence can also be used to extract the quadrupole moment of the meta-stable 2 F 7 / 2 state, obtaining a value of Θ = − 0.0298 ( 38 ) e a 0 2 which is in agreement with the value deduced from clock measurements (Lange et al 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 143201).

AB - Trapped-ion quantum sensors have become highly sensitive tools for the search of physics beyond the Standard Model. Recently, stringent tests of local Lorentz-invariance (LLI) have been conducted with precision spectroscopy in trapped ions (Pruttivarasin et al 2015 Nature 517 592-5, Megidish et al 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 123605, Sanner et al 2019 Nature 567 204-8, Dreissen et al 2022 Nat. Commun. 13 1-6) . We here elaborate on robust radio-frequency composite-pulse spectroscopy at second long coherence times in the magnetic sublevels of the long-lived 2 F 7 / 2 state of a trapped 172Yb+ ion which is scalable to spatially extended multi-ion systems. We compare two Ramsey-type composite rf pulse sequences, a generalized spin-echo (GSE) sequence (Shaniv et al 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 103202) and a sequence based on universal rotations with 10 rephasing pulses (UR10) (Genov et al 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 133202) that decouple the energy levels from magnetic field noise, enabling robust and accurate spectroscopy. Both sequences are characterized theoretically and experimentally in the spin- 1 / 2 2 S 1 / 2 electronic ground state of 172Yb+ and results show that the UR10 sequence is 38 (13) times more robust against pulse duration (frequency detuning) errors than the GSE sequence. We extend our simulations to the eight-level manifold of the 2 F 7 / 2 state, which is highly sensitive to a possible violation of LLI, and show that the UR10 sequence can be used for high-fidelity Ramsey spectroscopy in noisy environments. The UR10 sequence is implemented experimentally in the 2 F 7 / 2 manifold and a coherent signal of up to 2.5 s is reached. In (Dreissen et al 2022 Nat. Commun. 13 1-6) we have implemented this sequence and used it to perform the most stringent test of LLI in the electron-photon sector to date with a single Yb+ ion. Due to the high robustness of the UR10 sequence, it can be applied on larger ion crystals to improve tests of Lorentz symmetry further. We demonstrate that the sequence can also be used to extract the quadrupole moment of the meta-stable 2 F 7 / 2 state, obtaining a value of Θ = − 0.0298 ( 38 ) e a 0 2 which is in agreement with the value deduced from clock measurements (Lange et al 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 143201).

KW - composite rf pulse spectroscopy

KW - electric quadrupole moment determination

KW - Ramsey spectroscopy

KW - second-long coherence time

KW - test of local Lorentz-invariance

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85175420575&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.48550/arXiv.2306.01486

DO - 10.48550/arXiv.2306.01486

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85175420575

VL - 25

JO - New journal of physics

JF - New journal of physics

SN - 1367-2630

IS - 9

M1 - 093054

ER -