Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 136707 |
| Journal | Journal of cleaner production |
| Volume | 400 |
| Early online date | 7 Mar 2023 |
| Publication status | Published - 10 May 2023 |
Abstract
Mean residence time (MRT) of carbon (C) in soil is the most important parameter of C sequestration and stability and crucial for CO2 removal from the atmosphere. Climate and soil properties controls of MRT of upland soils are well known, but the drivers of C stability in paddies were never summarized. Here, we estimated MRT of paddies across monsoon Asia using the stock-over-flux method, i.e., soil organic C (SOC) stock over organic matter input considering the net primary production (NPP), and determined the main factors affecting SOC turnover. The average MRT of paddy soils in monsoon Asia ranges between 19 and 50 yr, depending on straw management. These estimates are similar to recent estimates for the global average MRT across all soils, but longer than for upland croplands. Tropical regions have the shortest MRT for rice paddies (16–42 yr), while the MRT of C in soils of temperate and subtropical regions are longer (20–56 yr). Across a wide range of environmental factors, MRT was most strongly affected by temperature. We estimate that 2 °C warming decreases MRT by 7% on average, with the strongest decreases in the western Indonesian islands and north-east China. Because C stocks per area in paddy soils are larger and the MRT is longer than in corresponding upland cropland soils, paddies play a key role in the global C cycle. Our results emphasize the need for management practices that retain stable soil C input rates to reduce possible positive feedbacks for global warming.
Keywords
- Carbon cycle and sequestration, Climate effects, Land use, Organic carbon turnover, Rice fields, Soil carbon stability
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Energy(all)
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
- Engineering(all)
- Building and Construction
- Environmental Science(all)
- Business, Management and Accounting(all)
- Strategy and Management
- Engineering(all)
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Sustainable Development Goals
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In: Journal of cleaner production, Vol. 400, 136707, 10.05.2023.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Residence time of carbon in paddy soils
AU - Liu, Yalong
AU - Ge, Tida
AU - Wang, Ping
AU - van Groenigen, Kees Jan
AU - Xu, Xuebin
AU - Cheng, Kun
AU - Zhu, Zhenke
AU - Wang, Jingkuan
AU - Guggenberger, Georg
AU - Chen, Ji
AU - Luo, Yiqi
AU - Kuzyakov, Yakov
N1 - Funding Information: Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation analyses of NPP and MRT were performed using ArcMap 10.3 (ESRI, Redlands, USA). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v20.0 (SPSS, Chicago, USA). After confirming the normal distribution of the data through the Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way ANOVA with Duncan's multiple-range tests were used to compare C residence times between climate zones, geographic sub-regions and main rice-producing countries. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was performed to analyse direct and indirect pathways determining C turnover times. In the SEM analysis, the data were fit to the model using the maximum likelihood estimation method. The chi-square (χ2), associated p value, Goodness-of-Fit Index (GFI), and the Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) were used to evaluate the fitness of the model (Grace, 2006). The SEM analysis was implemented using Amos 21.0 (Amos Development Corporation, Chicago, USA). Four machine-learning models of partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector regression (SVR), random forests (RF), and artificial neural networks (ANN) were examined to determine the relative importance of the environmental variables in predicting MRT (Supplementary Materials).This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41977088 and 41807089), National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD1500800). Funding Information: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 41977088 and 41807089 ), National Key Research and Development Program of China ( 2022YFD1500800 ).
PY - 2023/5/10
Y1 - 2023/5/10
N2 - Mean residence time (MRT) of carbon (C) in soil is the most important parameter of C sequestration and stability and crucial for CO2 removal from the atmosphere. Climate and soil properties controls of MRT of upland soils are well known, but the drivers of C stability in paddies were never summarized. Here, we estimated MRT of paddies across monsoon Asia using the stock-over-flux method, i.e., soil organic C (SOC) stock over organic matter input considering the net primary production (NPP), and determined the main factors affecting SOC turnover. The average MRT of paddy soils in monsoon Asia ranges between 19 and 50 yr, depending on straw management. These estimates are similar to recent estimates for the global average MRT across all soils, but longer than for upland croplands. Tropical regions have the shortest MRT for rice paddies (16–42 yr), while the MRT of C in soils of temperate and subtropical regions are longer (20–56 yr). Across a wide range of environmental factors, MRT was most strongly affected by temperature. We estimate that 2 °C warming decreases MRT by 7% on average, with the strongest decreases in the western Indonesian islands and north-east China. Because C stocks per area in paddy soils are larger and the MRT is longer than in corresponding upland cropland soils, paddies play a key role in the global C cycle. Our results emphasize the need for management practices that retain stable soil C input rates to reduce possible positive feedbacks for global warming.
AB - Mean residence time (MRT) of carbon (C) in soil is the most important parameter of C sequestration and stability and crucial for CO2 removal from the atmosphere. Climate and soil properties controls of MRT of upland soils are well known, but the drivers of C stability in paddies were never summarized. Here, we estimated MRT of paddies across monsoon Asia using the stock-over-flux method, i.e., soil organic C (SOC) stock over organic matter input considering the net primary production (NPP), and determined the main factors affecting SOC turnover. The average MRT of paddy soils in monsoon Asia ranges between 19 and 50 yr, depending on straw management. These estimates are similar to recent estimates for the global average MRT across all soils, but longer than for upland croplands. Tropical regions have the shortest MRT for rice paddies (16–42 yr), while the MRT of C in soils of temperate and subtropical regions are longer (20–56 yr). Across a wide range of environmental factors, MRT was most strongly affected by temperature. We estimate that 2 °C warming decreases MRT by 7% on average, with the strongest decreases in the western Indonesian islands and north-east China. Because C stocks per area in paddy soils are larger and the MRT is longer than in corresponding upland cropland soils, paddies play a key role in the global C cycle. Our results emphasize the need for management practices that retain stable soil C input rates to reduce possible positive feedbacks for global warming.
KW - Carbon cycle and sequestration
KW - Climate effects
KW - Land use
KW - Organic carbon turnover
KW - Rice fields
KW - Soil carbon stability
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85150858391&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136707
DO - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136707
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85150858391
VL - 400
JO - Journal of cleaner production
JF - Journal of cleaner production
SN - 0959-6526
M1 - 136707
ER -