Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 7532 |
| Number of pages | 22 |
| Journal | Sensors |
| Volume | 22 |
| Issue number | 19 |
| Early online date | 4 Oct 2022 |
| Publication status | Published - Oct 2022 |
Abstract
Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) are fundamental sensors that help driving tasks for autonomous driving at various levels. Commercially available systems come in different specialized design schemes and involve plenty of specifications. In the literature, there are insufficient representations of the technical requirements for LiDAR systems in the automotive context, such as range, detection quality, resolving power, field of view, and eye safety. For this reason, the requirements above require to be derived based on ADAS functions. The requirements for various key LiDAR metrics, including detection range, field of view, angular resolution, and laser safety, are analyzed in this paper. LiDAR systems are available with various radiation patterns that significantly impact on detection range. Therefore, the detection range under various radiation patterns is firstly investigated in this paper. Based on ADAS functions, the required detection range and field of view for LiDAR systems are examined, taking into account various travel speeds to avoid collision and the coverage of the entire lane width. Furthermore, the angular resolution limits are obtained utilizing the KITTI dataset and exemplary 3D detection algorithms. Finally, the maximum detection ranges for the different radiation patterns are compared under the consideration of derived requirements and laser safety.
Keywords
- advanced driver assistance system, autonomous driving, laser safety, laser scanning, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), object detection, PointPillars, requirements
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Chemistry(all)
- Analytical Chemistry
- Computer Science(all)
- Information Systems
- Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
- Biochemistry
- Physics and Astronomy(all)
- Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
- Physics and Astronomy(all)
- Instrumentation
- Engineering(all)
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Cite this
- Standard
- Harvard
- Apa
- Vancouver
- BibTeX
- RIS
In: Sensors, Vol. 22, No. 19, 7532, 10.2022.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Requirements for Automotive LiDAR Systems
AU - Dai, Zhuoqun
AU - Wolf, Alexander
AU - Ley, Peer Phillip
AU - Glück, Tobias
AU - Sundermeier, Max Caspar
AU - Lachmayer, Roland
N1 - Funding Information: This research was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy within the Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (EXC 2122, Project ID 390833453). The publication of this article was funded by the Open Access Fund of Leibniz Universität Hannover. Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank Yang Li for his valuable comments and con- structive suggestions to polish this paper to a high quality.
PY - 2022/10
Y1 - 2022/10
N2 - Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) are fundamental sensors that help driving tasks for autonomous driving at various levels. Commercially available systems come in different specialized design schemes and involve plenty of specifications. In the literature, there are insufficient representations of the technical requirements for LiDAR systems in the automotive context, such as range, detection quality, resolving power, field of view, and eye safety. For this reason, the requirements above require to be derived based on ADAS functions. The requirements for various key LiDAR metrics, including detection range, field of view, angular resolution, and laser safety, are analyzed in this paper. LiDAR systems are available with various radiation patterns that significantly impact on detection range. Therefore, the detection range under various radiation patterns is firstly investigated in this paper. Based on ADAS functions, the required detection range and field of view for LiDAR systems are examined, taking into account various travel speeds to avoid collision and the coverage of the entire lane width. Furthermore, the angular resolution limits are obtained utilizing the KITTI dataset and exemplary 3D detection algorithms. Finally, the maximum detection ranges for the different radiation patterns are compared under the consideration of derived requirements and laser safety.
AB - Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) are fundamental sensors that help driving tasks for autonomous driving at various levels. Commercially available systems come in different specialized design schemes and involve plenty of specifications. In the literature, there are insufficient representations of the technical requirements for LiDAR systems in the automotive context, such as range, detection quality, resolving power, field of view, and eye safety. For this reason, the requirements above require to be derived based on ADAS functions. The requirements for various key LiDAR metrics, including detection range, field of view, angular resolution, and laser safety, are analyzed in this paper. LiDAR systems are available with various radiation patterns that significantly impact on detection range. Therefore, the detection range under various radiation patterns is firstly investigated in this paper. Based on ADAS functions, the required detection range and field of view for LiDAR systems are examined, taking into account various travel speeds to avoid collision and the coverage of the entire lane width. Furthermore, the angular resolution limits are obtained utilizing the KITTI dataset and exemplary 3D detection algorithms. Finally, the maximum detection ranges for the different radiation patterns are compared under the consideration of derived requirements and laser safety.
KW - advanced driver assistance system
KW - autonomous driving
KW - laser safety
KW - laser scanning
KW - light detection and ranging (LiDAR)
KW - object detection
KW - PointPillars
KW - requirements
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85139886747&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/s22197532
DO - 10.3390/s22197532
M3 - Article
C2 - 36236631
AN - SCOPUS:85139886747
VL - 22
JO - Sensors
JF - Sensors
SN - 1424-8220
IS - 19
M1 - 7532
ER -