Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | Journal of Materials Chemistry A |
| Publication status | Published - 12 Feb 2025 |
Abstract
The rapid growth and widespread use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles (EVs), energy storage systems, and portable devices have raised significant concerns regarding the availability of valuable metals and environmental pollution. Currently, the lifespan of most LIBs is about 5-8 years. Recycling spent LIBs will not only address the shortages of limited natural resources but also alleviate environmental problems. Conventional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical recycling methods, as well as direct regeneration strategies, have been extensively studied for spent LIBs, particularly for the cathode materials. Direct regeneration of spent cathode materials is considered an ideal recycling strategy due to its low energy consumption and environmental friendliness. This review systematically analyzes the advantages/disadvantages, application scenarios, and degradation mechanisms of several dominant cathode materials. It also examines the pros and cons of different recycling and regeneration methods, including pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and direct regeneration techniques. Furthermore, it evaluates the time, efficiency, economic, and environmental aspects of these recycling and regeneration strategies. Finally, the review identifies the existing challenges of current direct recycling methods and proposes potential solutions for large-scale industrialization.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Chemistry(all)
- General Chemistry
- Energy(all)
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
- Materials Science(all)
- General Materials Science
Sustainable Development Goals
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In: Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 12.02.2025.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Recycling and direct regeneration of valuable cathode materials from spent Li-ion batteries
T2 - a comprehensive review
AU - Liu, Yuping
AU - Liu, Tao
AU - Zhao, Jie
AU - Shao, Yaxin
AU - Li, Xu
AU - Li, Zhenhu
AU - Zhang, Yulin
AU - Liu, Shuangyi
AU - Lin, Zhihua
AU - Bettels, Frederik
AU - Zhang, Chaofeng
AU - Ding, Fei
AU - Zhang, Lin
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
PY - 2025/2/12
Y1 - 2025/2/12
N2 - The rapid growth and widespread use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles (EVs), energy storage systems, and portable devices have raised significant concerns regarding the availability of valuable metals and environmental pollution. Currently, the lifespan of most LIBs is about 5-8 years. Recycling spent LIBs will not only address the shortages of limited natural resources but also alleviate environmental problems. Conventional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical recycling methods, as well as direct regeneration strategies, have been extensively studied for spent LIBs, particularly for the cathode materials. Direct regeneration of spent cathode materials is considered an ideal recycling strategy due to its low energy consumption and environmental friendliness. This review systematically analyzes the advantages/disadvantages, application scenarios, and degradation mechanisms of several dominant cathode materials. It also examines the pros and cons of different recycling and regeneration methods, including pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and direct regeneration techniques. Furthermore, it evaluates the time, efficiency, economic, and environmental aspects of these recycling and regeneration strategies. Finally, the review identifies the existing challenges of current direct recycling methods and proposes potential solutions for large-scale industrialization.
AB - The rapid growth and widespread use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles (EVs), energy storage systems, and portable devices have raised significant concerns regarding the availability of valuable metals and environmental pollution. Currently, the lifespan of most LIBs is about 5-8 years. Recycling spent LIBs will not only address the shortages of limited natural resources but also alleviate environmental problems. Conventional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical recycling methods, as well as direct regeneration strategies, have been extensively studied for spent LIBs, particularly for the cathode materials. Direct regeneration of spent cathode materials is considered an ideal recycling strategy due to its low energy consumption and environmental friendliness. This review systematically analyzes the advantages/disadvantages, application scenarios, and degradation mechanisms of several dominant cathode materials. It also examines the pros and cons of different recycling and regeneration methods, including pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and direct regeneration techniques. Furthermore, it evaluates the time, efficiency, economic, and environmental aspects of these recycling and regeneration strategies. Finally, the review identifies the existing challenges of current direct recycling methods and proposes potential solutions for large-scale industrialization.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85218798980&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1039/d4ta07765b
DO - 10.1039/d4ta07765b
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85218798980
JO - Journal of Materials Chemistry A
JF - Journal of Materials Chemistry A
SN - 2050-7488
ER -