Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 022004 |
| Number of pages | 19 |
| Journal | Physical Review D |
| Volume | 109 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| Publication status | Published - 10 Jan 2024 |
Abstract
Interspacecraft ranging is crucial for the suppression of laser frequency noise via time-delay interferometry (TDI). So far, the effects of onboard delays and ambiguities on the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) ranging observables were neglected in LISA modeling and data processing investigations. In reality, onboard delays cause offsets and timestamping delays in the LISA measurements, and pseudorandom noise (PRN) ranging is ambiguous, as it determines only the range up to an integer multiple of the PRN code length. In this article, we identify the four LISA ranging observables: PRN ranging, the sideband beat notes at the interspacecraft interferometer, TDI ranging, and ground-based observations. We derive their observation equations in the presence of onboard delays, noise, and ambiguities. We then propose a three-stage ranging sensor fusion to combine these observables in order to gain accurate and precise ranging estimates. We propose to calibrate the onboard delays on ground and to compensate the associated offsets and timestamping delays in an initial data treatment (stage 1). We identify the ranging-related routines, which need to run continuously during operation (stage 2) and implement them numerically. Essentially, this involves the reduction of ranging noise, for which we develop a Kalman filter combining the PRN ranging and the sideband beat notes. We further implement cross-checks for the PRN ranging ambiguities and offsets (stage 3). We show that both ground-based observations and TDI ranging can be used to resolve the PRN ranging ambiguities. Moreover, we apply TDI ranging to estimate the PRN ranging offsets.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physics and Astronomy(all)
- Nuclear and High Energy Physics
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In: Physical Review D, Vol. 109, No. 2, 022004, 10.01.2024.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Ranging sensor fusion in LISA data processing
T2 - Treatment of ambiguities, noise, and onboard delays in LISA ranging observables
AU - Reinhardt, Jan Niklas
AU - Staab, Martin
AU - Yamamoto, Kohei
AU - Bayle, Jean Baptiste
AU - Hees, Aurélien
AU - Hartwig, Olaf
AU - Wiesner, Karsten
AU - Shah, Sweta
AU - Heinzel, Gerhard
N1 - Funding Information: J. N. R. acknowledges the funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy within the Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (EXC 2122, Project ID No. 390833453). Furthermore, he acknowledges the support by the IMPRS on Gravitational Wave Astronomy at the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics in Hannover, Germany. This work is also supported by the Max Planck Society within the LEGACY (“Low-Frequency Gravitational-Wave Astronomy in Space”) collaboration (M.IF.A.QOP18098). O. H. and A. H. acknowledge support from the Programme National GRAM of CNRS/INSU with INP and IN2P3 cofunded by CNES and from the Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES). The authors thank Miles Clark, Pascal Grafe, Waldemar Martens, and Peter Wolf for useful discussions. The study on PRNR offset estimation via TDIR was performed on the ATLAS cluster at AEI Hannover. The authors thank Carsten Aulbert and Henning Fehrmann for their support.
PY - 2024/1/10
Y1 - 2024/1/10
N2 - Interspacecraft ranging is crucial for the suppression of laser frequency noise via time-delay interferometry (TDI). So far, the effects of onboard delays and ambiguities on the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) ranging observables were neglected in LISA modeling and data processing investigations. In reality, onboard delays cause offsets and timestamping delays in the LISA measurements, and pseudorandom noise (PRN) ranging is ambiguous, as it determines only the range up to an integer multiple of the PRN code length. In this article, we identify the four LISA ranging observables: PRN ranging, the sideband beat notes at the interspacecraft interferometer, TDI ranging, and ground-based observations. We derive their observation equations in the presence of onboard delays, noise, and ambiguities. We then propose a three-stage ranging sensor fusion to combine these observables in order to gain accurate and precise ranging estimates. We propose to calibrate the onboard delays on ground and to compensate the associated offsets and timestamping delays in an initial data treatment (stage 1). We identify the ranging-related routines, which need to run continuously during operation (stage 2) and implement them numerically. Essentially, this involves the reduction of ranging noise, for which we develop a Kalman filter combining the PRN ranging and the sideband beat notes. We further implement cross-checks for the PRN ranging ambiguities and offsets (stage 3). We show that both ground-based observations and TDI ranging can be used to resolve the PRN ranging ambiguities. Moreover, we apply TDI ranging to estimate the PRN ranging offsets.
AB - Interspacecraft ranging is crucial for the suppression of laser frequency noise via time-delay interferometry (TDI). So far, the effects of onboard delays and ambiguities on the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) ranging observables were neglected in LISA modeling and data processing investigations. In reality, onboard delays cause offsets and timestamping delays in the LISA measurements, and pseudorandom noise (PRN) ranging is ambiguous, as it determines only the range up to an integer multiple of the PRN code length. In this article, we identify the four LISA ranging observables: PRN ranging, the sideband beat notes at the interspacecraft interferometer, TDI ranging, and ground-based observations. We derive their observation equations in the presence of onboard delays, noise, and ambiguities. We then propose a three-stage ranging sensor fusion to combine these observables in order to gain accurate and precise ranging estimates. We propose to calibrate the onboard delays on ground and to compensate the associated offsets and timestamping delays in an initial data treatment (stage 1). We identify the ranging-related routines, which need to run continuously during operation (stage 2) and implement them numerically. Essentially, this involves the reduction of ranging noise, for which we develop a Kalman filter combining the PRN ranging and the sideband beat notes. We further implement cross-checks for the PRN ranging ambiguities and offsets (stage 3). We show that both ground-based observations and TDI ranging can be used to resolve the PRN ranging ambiguities. Moreover, we apply TDI ranging to estimate the PRN ranging offsets.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85182353173&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.48550/arXiv.2307.05204
DO - 10.48550/arXiv.2307.05204
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85182353173
VL - 109
JO - Physical Review D
JF - Physical Review D
SN - 2470-0010
IS - 2
M1 - 022004
ER -