TY - JOUR

T1 - Quantum Field Theory for Multipolar Composite Bosons with Mass Defect and Relativistic Corrections

AU - Asano, Tobias

AU - Giese, Enno

AU - Di Pumpo, Fabio

N1 - Funding Information: The projects “Building composite particles from quantum field theory on dilaton gravity” (BOnD) and “Metrology with interfering Unruh-DeWitt detectors” (MIUnD) are funded by the Carl Zeiss Foundation (Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung). The QUANTUS and INTENTAS projects are supported by the German Space Agency at the German Aerospace Center (Deutsche Raumfahrtagentur im Deutschen Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR) with funds provided by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz, BMWK) due to an enactment of the German Bundestag under Grants No. 50WM2250D-2250E (QUANTUS+), No. 50WM2450D-2450E (QUANTUSVI), as well as No. 50WM2177-2178 (INTENTAS). The Qu-Gov project in cooperation with the “Bundesdruckerei GmbH” is supported by the Federal Ministry of Finance (Bundesministerium der Finanzen, BMF). E.G. thanks the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) for a Mercator Fellowship within CRC 1227 (DQ-mat). F.D.P. is grateful to the financial support program for early career researchers of the Graduate & Professional Training Center at Ulm University and for its funding of the project “Long-BaselineAtominterferometer Gravity and Standard-Model Extensions tests” (LArGE).

PY - 2024/4/26

Y1 - 2024/4/26

N2 - Atomic high-precision measurements have become a competitive and essential technique for tests of fundamental physics, the Standard Model, and our theory of gravity. It is therefore self-evident that such measurements call for a consistent relativistic description of atoms that eventually originates from quantum field theories like quantum electrodynamics. Most quantum metrological approaches even postulate effective field-theoretical treatments to describe a precision enhancement through techniques like squeezing. However, a consistent derivation of interacting atomic quantum gases from an elementary quantum field theory that includes both the internal structure as well as the center of mass of atoms, has not yet been addressed. We present such a subspace effective field theory for interacting, spin carrying, and possibly charged ensembles of atoms composed of nucleus and electron that form composite bosons called cobosons, where the interaction with light is included in a multipolar description. Relativistic corrections to the energy of a single coboson, light-matter interaction, and the scattering potential between cobosons arise in a consistent and natural manner. In particular, we obtain a relativistic coupling between the coboson's center-of-mass motion and internal structure encoded by the mass defect. We use these results to derive modified bound-state energies, including the motion of ions, modified scattering potentials, a relativistic extension of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, and the mass defect applicable to atomic clocks or quantum clock interferometry.

AB - Atomic high-precision measurements have become a competitive and essential technique for tests of fundamental physics, the Standard Model, and our theory of gravity. It is therefore self-evident that such measurements call for a consistent relativistic description of atoms that eventually originates from quantum field theories like quantum electrodynamics. Most quantum metrological approaches even postulate effective field-theoretical treatments to describe a precision enhancement through techniques like squeezing. However, a consistent derivation of interacting atomic quantum gases from an elementary quantum field theory that includes both the internal structure as well as the center of mass of atoms, has not yet been addressed. We present such a subspace effective field theory for interacting, spin carrying, and possibly charged ensembles of atoms composed of nucleus and electron that form composite bosons called cobosons, where the interaction with light is included in a multipolar description. Relativistic corrections to the energy of a single coboson, light-matter interaction, and the scattering potential between cobosons arise in a consistent and natural manner. In particular, we obtain a relativistic coupling between the coboson's center-of-mass motion and internal structure encoded by the mass defect. We use these results to derive modified bound-state energies, including the motion of ions, modified scattering potentials, a relativistic extension of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, and the mass defect applicable to atomic clocks or quantum clock interferometry.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85191427817&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.48550/arXiv.2307.06110

DO - 10.48550/arXiv.2307.06110

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85191427817

VL - 5

JO - PRX Quantum

JF - PRX Quantum

IS - 2

M1 - 020322

ER -