Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 6957-73 |
| Number of pages | 17 |
| Journal | Journal of experimental botany |
| Volume | 66 |
| Issue number | 22 |
| Publication status | Published - Dec 2015 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Abstract
Chloroplasts are the sunlight-collecting organelles of photosynthetic eukaryotes that energetically drive the biosphere of our planet. They are the base for all major food webs by providing essential photosynthates to all heterotrophic organisms including humans. Recent research has focused largely on an understanding of the function of these organelles, but knowledge about the biogenesis of chloroplasts is rather limited. It is known that chloroplasts develop from undifferentiated precursor plastids, the proplastids, in meristematic cells. This review focuses on the activation and action of plastid RNA polymerases, which play a key role in the development of new chloroplasts from proplastids. Evolutionarily, plastids emerged from the endosymbiosis of a cyanobacterium-like ancestor into a heterotrophic eukaryote. As an evolutionary remnant of this process, they possess their own genome, which is expressed by two types of plastid RNA polymerase, phage-type and prokaryotic-type RNA polymerase. The protein subunits of these polymerases are encoded in both the nuclear and plastid genomes. Their activation and action therefore require a highly sophisticated regulation that controls and coordinates the expression of the components encoded in the plastid and nucleus. Stoichiometric expression and correct assembly of RNA polymerase complexes is achieved by a combination of developmental and environmentally induced programmes. This review highlights the current knowledge about the functional coordination between the different types of plastid RNA polymerases and provides working models of their sequential expression and function for future investigations.
Keywords
- Biological Evolution, Chloroplasts/metabolism, DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/metabolism, Enzyme Activation, Life Cycle Stages, Plants/metabolism, RNA, Plant/metabolism
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In: Journal of experimental botany, Vol. 66, No. 22, 12.2015, p. 6957-73.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Plastid RNA polymerases
T2 - orchestration of enzymes with different evolutionary origins controls chloroplast biogenesis during the plant life cycle
AU - Pfannschmidt, Thomas
AU - Blanvillain, Robert
AU - Merendino, Livia
AU - Courtois, Florence
AU - Chevalier, Fabien
AU - Liebers, Monique
AU - Grübler, Björn
AU - Hommel, Elisabeth
AU - Lerbs-Mache, Silva
N1 - © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
PY - 2015/12
Y1 - 2015/12
N2 - Chloroplasts are the sunlight-collecting organelles of photosynthetic eukaryotes that energetically drive the biosphere of our planet. They are the base for all major food webs by providing essential photosynthates to all heterotrophic organisms including humans. Recent research has focused largely on an understanding of the function of these organelles, but knowledge about the biogenesis of chloroplasts is rather limited. It is known that chloroplasts develop from undifferentiated precursor plastids, the proplastids, in meristematic cells. This review focuses on the activation and action of plastid RNA polymerases, which play a key role in the development of new chloroplasts from proplastids. Evolutionarily, plastids emerged from the endosymbiosis of a cyanobacterium-like ancestor into a heterotrophic eukaryote. As an evolutionary remnant of this process, they possess their own genome, which is expressed by two types of plastid RNA polymerase, phage-type and prokaryotic-type RNA polymerase. The protein subunits of these polymerases are encoded in both the nuclear and plastid genomes. Their activation and action therefore require a highly sophisticated regulation that controls and coordinates the expression of the components encoded in the plastid and nucleus. Stoichiometric expression and correct assembly of RNA polymerase complexes is achieved by a combination of developmental and environmentally induced programmes. This review highlights the current knowledge about the functional coordination between the different types of plastid RNA polymerases and provides working models of their sequential expression and function for future investigations.
AB - Chloroplasts are the sunlight-collecting organelles of photosynthetic eukaryotes that energetically drive the biosphere of our planet. They are the base for all major food webs by providing essential photosynthates to all heterotrophic organisms including humans. Recent research has focused largely on an understanding of the function of these organelles, but knowledge about the biogenesis of chloroplasts is rather limited. It is known that chloroplasts develop from undifferentiated precursor plastids, the proplastids, in meristematic cells. This review focuses on the activation and action of plastid RNA polymerases, which play a key role in the development of new chloroplasts from proplastids. Evolutionarily, plastids emerged from the endosymbiosis of a cyanobacterium-like ancestor into a heterotrophic eukaryote. As an evolutionary remnant of this process, they possess their own genome, which is expressed by two types of plastid RNA polymerase, phage-type and prokaryotic-type RNA polymerase. The protein subunits of these polymerases are encoded in both the nuclear and plastid genomes. Their activation and action therefore require a highly sophisticated regulation that controls and coordinates the expression of the components encoded in the plastid and nucleus. Stoichiometric expression and correct assembly of RNA polymerase complexes is achieved by a combination of developmental and environmentally induced programmes. This review highlights the current knowledge about the functional coordination between the different types of plastid RNA polymerases and provides working models of their sequential expression and function for future investigations.
KW - Biological Evolution
KW - Chloroplasts/metabolism
KW - DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/metabolism
KW - Enzyme Activation
KW - Life Cycle Stages
KW - Plants/metabolism
KW - RNA, Plant/metabolism
U2 - 10.1093/jxb/erv415
DO - 10.1093/jxb/erv415
M3 - Review article
C2 - 26355147
VL - 66
SP - 6957
EP - 6973
JO - Journal of experimental botany
JF - Journal of experimental botany
SN - 0022-0957
IS - 22
ER -