Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 3635-3659 |
| Number of pages | 25 |
| Journal | Geoscientific model development |
| Volume | 10 |
| Issue number | 10 |
| Publication status | Published - 9 Oct 2017 |
Abstract
Urban areas are an important part of the climate system and many aspects of urban climate have direct effects on human health and living conditions. This implies that reliable tools for local urban climate studies supporting sustainable urban planning are needed. However, a realistic implementation of urban canopy processes still poses a serious challenge for weather and climate modelling for the current generation of numerical models. To address this demand, a new urban surface model (USM), describing the surface energy processes for urban environments, was developed and integrated as a module into the PALM large-eddy simulation model. The development of the presented first version of the USM originated from modelling the urban heat island during summer heat wave episodes and thus implements primarily processes important in such conditions. The USM contains a multi-reflection radiation model for shortwave and longwave radiation with an integrated model of absorption of radiation by resolved plant canopy (i.e. trees, shrubs). Furthermore, it consists of an energy balance solver for horizontal and vertical impervious surfaces, and thermal diffusion in ground, wall, and roof materials, and it includes a simple model for the consideration of anthropogenic heat sources. The USM was parallelized using the standard Message Passing Interface and performance testing demonstrates that the computational costs of the USM are reasonable on typical clusters for the tested configurations. The module was fully integrated into PALM and is available via its online repository under the GNU General Public License (GPL). The USM was tested on a summer heat-wave episode for a selected Prague crossroads. The general representation of the urban boundary layer and patterns of surface temperatures of various surface types (walls, pavement) are in good agreement with in situ observations made in Prague. Additional simulations were performed in order to assess the sensitivity of the results to uncertainties in the material parameters, the domain size, and the general effect of the USM itself. The first version of the USM is limited to the processes most relevant to the study of summer heat waves and serves as a basis for ongoing development which will address additional processes of the urban environment and lead to improvements to extend the utilization of the USM to other environments and conditions.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Mathematics(all)
- Modelling and Simulation
- Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)
- General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Sustainable Development Goals
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In: Geoscientific model development, Vol. 10, No. 10, 09.10.2017, p. 3635-3659.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - PALM-USM v1.0
T2 - A new urban surface model integrated into the PALM large-eddy simulation model
AU - Resler, Jaroslav
AU - Krč, Pavel
AU - Belda, Michal
AU - Juruš, Pavel
AU - Benešová, Nina
AU - Lopata, Jan
AU - Vlček, Ondřej
AU - Damašková, Daša
AU - Eben, Kryštof
AU - Derbek, Přemysl
AU - Maronga, Björn
AU - Kanani-Sühring, Farah
N1 - Funding Information: considerably. We acknowledge the following projects that supported this research. This work was done within the UrbanAdapt project (EHP-CZ02-OV-1-036-2015) supported by a grant from Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway.20 This work was also supported by the long-term strategic development financing of the Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences (RVO:67985807). Some of the simulations were done on supercomputer Salomon, which was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports from the Large Infrastructures for Research, Experimental Development and Innovations project IT4Innovations National Supercomputing Center – LM2015070. Coauthors B. Maronga and F. Kanani-Sühring are funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under grant 01LP1601A (project MOSAIK21) within the frame-work of Research for Sustainable Development (FONA22), which is greatly acknowledged. The authors would like to thank Linton Corbet for language revisions and useful comments. We would also like to thank to the coordinator of UrbanAdapt project Global Change Research Institute (CzechGlobe) for lending the IR camera and František Zemek for his help with the observation campaign. We thank UrbanAdapt project partner the Prague Institute of Planning and Development for providing geographical data and also the ATEM company for its help with the data processing. Publisher Copyright: © Author(s) 2017. Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2017/10/9
Y1 - 2017/10/9
N2 - Urban areas are an important part of the climate system and many aspects of urban climate have direct effects on human health and living conditions. This implies that reliable tools for local urban climate studies supporting sustainable urban planning are needed. However, a realistic implementation of urban canopy processes still poses a serious challenge for weather and climate modelling for the current generation of numerical models. To address this demand, a new urban surface model (USM), describing the surface energy processes for urban environments, was developed and integrated as a module into the PALM large-eddy simulation model. The development of the presented first version of the USM originated from modelling the urban heat island during summer heat wave episodes and thus implements primarily processes important in such conditions. The USM contains a multi-reflection radiation model for shortwave and longwave radiation with an integrated model of absorption of radiation by resolved plant canopy (i.e. trees, shrubs). Furthermore, it consists of an energy balance solver for horizontal and vertical impervious surfaces, and thermal diffusion in ground, wall, and roof materials, and it includes a simple model for the consideration of anthropogenic heat sources. The USM was parallelized using the standard Message Passing Interface and performance testing demonstrates that the computational costs of the USM are reasonable on typical clusters for the tested configurations. The module was fully integrated into PALM and is available via its online repository under the GNU General Public License (GPL). The USM was tested on a summer heat-wave episode for a selected Prague crossroads. The general representation of the urban boundary layer and patterns of surface temperatures of various surface types (walls, pavement) are in good agreement with in situ observations made in Prague. Additional simulations were performed in order to assess the sensitivity of the results to uncertainties in the material parameters, the domain size, and the general effect of the USM itself. The first version of the USM is limited to the processes most relevant to the study of summer heat waves and serves as a basis for ongoing development which will address additional processes of the urban environment and lead to improvements to extend the utilization of the USM to other environments and conditions.
AB - Urban areas are an important part of the climate system and many aspects of urban climate have direct effects on human health and living conditions. This implies that reliable tools for local urban climate studies supporting sustainable urban planning are needed. However, a realistic implementation of urban canopy processes still poses a serious challenge for weather and climate modelling for the current generation of numerical models. To address this demand, a new urban surface model (USM), describing the surface energy processes for urban environments, was developed and integrated as a module into the PALM large-eddy simulation model. The development of the presented first version of the USM originated from modelling the urban heat island during summer heat wave episodes and thus implements primarily processes important in such conditions. The USM contains a multi-reflection radiation model for shortwave and longwave radiation with an integrated model of absorption of radiation by resolved plant canopy (i.e. trees, shrubs). Furthermore, it consists of an energy balance solver for horizontal and vertical impervious surfaces, and thermal diffusion in ground, wall, and roof materials, and it includes a simple model for the consideration of anthropogenic heat sources. The USM was parallelized using the standard Message Passing Interface and performance testing demonstrates that the computational costs of the USM are reasonable on typical clusters for the tested configurations. The module was fully integrated into PALM and is available via its online repository under the GNU General Public License (GPL). The USM was tested on a summer heat-wave episode for a selected Prague crossroads. The general representation of the urban boundary layer and patterns of surface temperatures of various surface types (walls, pavement) are in good agreement with in situ observations made in Prague. Additional simulations were performed in order to assess the sensitivity of the results to uncertainties in the material parameters, the domain size, and the general effect of the USM itself. The first version of the USM is limited to the processes most relevant to the study of summer heat waves and serves as a basis for ongoing development which will address additional processes of the urban environment and lead to improvements to extend the utilization of the USM to other environments and conditions.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85032189825&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.5194/gmd-10-3635-2017
DO - 10.5194/gmd-10-3635-2017
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85032189825
VL - 10
SP - 3635
EP - 3659
JO - Geoscientific model development
JF - Geoscientific model development
SN - 1991-959X
IS - 10
ER -