Details
Conference
| Conference | NAVITEC 2024 |
|---|---|
| Country/Territory | Netherlands |
| City | Noordwijk |
| Period | 11 Dec 2024 → 13 Dec 2024 |
| Internet address |
Abstract
The standardization of fifth-generation (5G) New Radio (NR) cellular networks offers possibilities to provide low latency and high data rate communication in higher frequency bands. The increasing communication demand, both in public and private spaces, makes the deployment of denser networks especially interesting for urban areas. As a by-product, the emerging signal source can be used for positioning without the need for dedicated positioning infrastructures. With Release 16 of the 3GPP NR standardization, NR introduces a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) for downlink transmission and a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) for uplink transmission that addresses the technical capabilities of NR (Dahlman et al., 2021). However, in practice, the downlink signal is to this date commercially unavailable due to the deployment of software and hardware relying on older standardization.
Approximate location awareness is necessary for every cellular network, e.g., to schedule the transmission between the receiver and the transmitting station or to organize the transition between cells when the receiver is in motion. To accomplish this need, each NR cell periodically broadcasts the Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), which can be captured and demodulated for navigation purposes. Advanced opportunistic receiver frameworks to detect, acquire, and track downlink signals from commercially operated cellular networks for stand-alone localization or ranging have recently been presented and evaluated (Abdallah & Kassas, 2021; Lapin et al., 2022; Shamaei & Kassas, 2021). Most of the analyzed experiments were carried out in rural and suburban environments as well as for airborne receivers, which are characterized by good LOS conditions for Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS).
However, GNSS signals suffer from the harsh reception conditions in urban areas. NLOS (Non-line of Sight) and multipath signals caused by surrounding buildings, trees, or other interfering factors lead to ranging (Ruwisch et al., 2020; Schaper et al., 2022; Schön et al., 2022). The presence of a signal transmission infrastructure in an environment that is susceptible to GNSS positioning errors is an incentive to analyze these signals to enhance GNSS localization. In addition, 5G could be a candidate for an alternative PNT solution.
This contribution aims to analyze the ranging capabilities of measurements based on the reception of commercially available 5G NR SSBs in urban environments with harsh GNSS conditions. To analyze the real-ranging capabilities of the 5G NR SSB, an Ettus Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) X310, with an SBX-120 Daughterboard is used to capture the signals. Reference Points with good LOS conditions to two commercial NR gNBs in the Vicinity of the Leibniz University, Hanover are given, and mobile measurement setup to capture signals in arbitrary locations is available. A modular navigation receiver, based on the ideas of (Abdallah et al., 2020; Lapin et al., 2022; Shamaei & Kassas, 2021), to process the captured NR SSBs, was implemented. This enables to analyze and evaluate the SSB ranging capabilities by the means of varying signal acquisition and tracking methods and properties in dense urban environments. Performance studies in urban environments showed, that open loop algorithms are able to approach the numerical analyzed lower bounds of 5G SSBs with a measurement noise between 5 to 10 m , although not only the receiver-transmitter synchronization (Camajori Tedeschini et al., 2023; Lapin et al., 2024) but also fading effects, such shadowing, play a crucial role in dense urban environments (Baasch & Schön, 2024). The analysis of closed-loop methods for determining the code range in dense urban environments and the exploitation of the carrier phase, which also makes the narrowband reference signals accessible for more accurate downlink distance measurements, not only in indoor scenarios (Chen et al., 2022; Li et al., 2022), but also in outdoor scenarios, remains to be investigated.
REFERENCES
Abdallah, A. A., & Kassas, Z. M. (2021). UAV Navigation With 5G Carrier Phase Measurements. 3294–3306. https://doi.org/10.33012/2021.18101
Abdallah, A. A., Shamaei, K., & Kassas, Z. M. (2020). Assessing Real 5G Signals for Opportunistic Navigation. 2548–2559. https://doi.org/10.33012/2020.17702
Baasch, K.-N., & Schön, S. (2024). Analyzing 5G NR Ranging capabilities for Aiding Multi-GNSS SPP ION GNSS+, 2024 (Unpublished).
Camajori Tedeschini, B., Brambilla, M., Italiano, L., Reggiani, S., Vaccarono, D., Alghisi, M., Benvenuto, L., Goia, A., Realini, E., Grec, F., & Nicoli, M. (2023). A feasibility study of 5G positioning with current cellular network deployment. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 15281. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-42426-1
Chen, L., Zhou, X., Chen, F., Yang, L.-L., & Chen, R. (2022). Carrier Phase Ranging for Indoor Positioning With 5G NR Signals. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 9(13), 10908–10919. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2021.3125373
Dahlman, E., Parkvall, S., & Sköld, J. (2021). 5G NR : the next generation wireless access technology. Elsevier, Academic Press; https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1736857436
Lapin, I., Granados, G. S., Samson, J., Renaudin, O., Zanier, F., & Ries, L. (2022). STARE: Real-Time Software Receiver for LTE and 5G NR Positioning and Signal Monitoring. 10th Workshop on Satellite Navigation Technology, 11. https://doi.org/10.1109/navitec53682.2022.9847544
Lapin, I., Seco-Granados, G., Samson, J., & Garcia-Molina, J. A. (2024). Base Station Clock Offset of Cellular Measurements and Its Impact on Positioning. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2024.3409088
Li, J., Liu, M., Shang, S., Gao, X., & Liu, J. (2022). Carrier Phase Positioning Using 5G NR Signals Based on OFDM System. 2022 IEEE 96th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2022-Fall), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC2022-Fall57202.2022.10012896
Ruwisch, F., Jain, A., & Schön, S. (2020). Characterisation of GNSS Carrier Phase Data on a Moving Zero-Baseline in Urban and Aerial Navigation. Sensors, 20(14), 4046. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20144046
Schaper, A., Ruwisch, F., & Schön, S. (2022). Diffraction Modeling for Improved 3DMA GNSS Urban Navigation. 1902–1916. https://doi.org/10.33012/2022.18541
Schön, S., Baasch, K.-N., Icking, L., KarimiDoona, A., Lin, Q., Ruwisch, F., Schaper, A., & Su, J. (2022). Towards Integrity for GNSS-based urban navigation – challenges and lessons learned. 2022 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), 1774–1781. https://doi.org/10.1109/IV51971.2022.9827402
Shamaei, K., & Kassas, Z. M. (2021). Receiver Design and Time of Arrival Estimation for Opportunistic Localization With 5G Signals. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 20(7), 4716–4731. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2021.3061985
Keywords
- 5G NR, urban environments, PNT, Positioning, Navigation
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2024. NAVITEC 2024, Noordwijk, Netherlands.
Research output: Contribution to conference › Slides to presentation › Research
}
TY - CONF
T1 - Opportunistic 5G NR Ranging in dense Urban Environments
AU - Baasch, Kai-Niklas
AU - Schön, Steffen
PY - 2024/12/13
Y1 - 2024/12/13
N2 - Opportunistic 5G NR Ranging in dense Urban EnvironmentsThe standardization of fifth-generation (5G) New Radio (NR) cellular networks offers possibilities to provide low latency and high data rate communication in higher frequency bands. The increasing communication demand, both in public and private spaces, makes the deployment of denser networks especially interesting for urban areas. As a by-product, the emerging signal source can be used for positioning without the need for dedicated positioning infrastructures. With Release 16 of the 3GPP NR standardization, NR introduces a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) for downlink transmission and a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) for uplink transmission that addresses the technical capabilities of NR (Dahlman et al., 2021). However, in practice, the downlink signal is to this date commercially unavailable due to the deployment of software and hardware relying on older standardization.Approximate location awareness is necessary for every cellular network, e.g., to schedule the transmission between the receiver and the transmitting station or to organize the transition between cells when the receiver is in motion. To accomplish this need, each NR cell periodically broadcasts the Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), which can be captured and demodulated for navigation purposes. Advanced opportunistic receiver frameworks to detect, acquire, and track downlink signals from commercially operated cellular networks for stand-alone localization or ranging have recently been presented and evaluated (Abdallah & Kassas, 2021; Lapin et al., 2022; Shamaei & Kassas, 2021). Most of the analyzed experiments were carried out in rural and suburban environments as well as for airborne receivers, which are characterized by good LOS conditions for Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS).However, GNSS signals suffer from the harsh reception conditions in urban areas. NLOS (Non-line of Sight) and multipath signals caused by surrounding buildings, trees, or other interfering factors lead to ranging (Ruwisch et al., 2020; Schaper et al., 2022; Schön et al., 2022). The presence of a signal transmission infrastructure in an environment that is susceptible to GNSS positioning errors is an incentive to analyze these signals to enhance GNSS localization. In addition, 5G could be a candidate for an alternative PNT solution.This contribution aims to analyze the ranging capabilities of measurements based on the reception of commercially available 5G NR SSBs in urban environments with harsh GNSS conditions. To analyze the real-ranging capabilities of the 5G NR SSB, an Ettus Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) X310, with an SBX-120 Daughterboard is used to capture the signals. Reference Points with good LOS conditions to two commercial NR gNBs in the Vicinity of the Leibniz University, Hanover are given, and mobile measurement setup to capture signals in arbitrary locations is available. A modular navigation receiver, based on the ideas of (Abdallah et al., 2020; Lapin et al., 2022; Shamaei & Kassas, 2021), to process the captured NR SSBs, was implemented. This enables to analyze and evaluate the SSB ranging capabilities by the means of varying signal acquisition and tracking methods and properties in dense urban environments. Performance studies in urban environments showed, that open loop algorithms are able to approach the numerical analyzed lower bounds of 5G SSBs with a measurement noise between 5 to 10 m , although not only the receiver-transmitter synchronization (Camajori Tedeschini et al., 2023; Lapin et al., 2024) but also fading effects, such shadowing, play a crucial role in dense urban environments (Baasch & Schön, 2024). The analysis of closed-loop methods for determining the code range in dense urban environments and the exploitation of the carrier phase, which also makes the narrowband reference signals accessible for more accurate downlink distance measurements, not only in indoor scenarios (Chen et al., 2022; Li et al., 2022), but also in outdoor scenarios, remains to be investigated.REFERENCESAbdallah, A. A., & Kassas, Z. M. (2021). UAV Navigation With 5G Carrier Phase Measurements. 3294–3306. https://doi.org/10.33012/2021.18101Abdallah, A. A., Shamaei, K., & Kassas, Z. M. (2020). Assessing Real 5G Signals for Opportunistic Navigation. 2548–2559. https://doi.org/10.33012/2020.17702Baasch, K.-N., & Schön, S. (2024). Analyzing 5G NR Ranging capabilities for Aiding Multi-GNSS SPP ION GNSS+, 2024 (Unpublished).Camajori Tedeschini, B., Brambilla, M., Italiano, L., Reggiani, S., Vaccarono, D., Alghisi, M., Benvenuto, L., Goia, A., Realini, E., Grec, F., & Nicoli, M. (2023). A feasibility study of 5G positioning with current cellular network deployment. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 15281. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-42426-1Chen, L., Zhou, X., Chen, F., Yang, L.-L., & Chen, R. (2022). Carrier Phase Ranging for Indoor Positioning With 5G NR Signals. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 9(13), 10908–10919. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2021.3125373Dahlman, E., Parkvall, S., & Sköld, J. (2021). 5G NR : the next generation wireless access technology. Elsevier, Academic Press; https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1736857436Lapin, I., Granados, G. S., Samson, J., Renaudin, O., Zanier, F., & Ries, L. (2022). STARE: Real-Time Software Receiver for LTE and 5G NR Positioning and Signal Monitoring. 10th Workshop on Satellite Navigation Technology, 11. https://doi.org/10.1109/navitec53682.2022.9847544Lapin, I., Seco-Granados, G., Samson, J., & Garcia-Molina, J. A. (2024). Base Station Clock Offset of Cellular Measurements and Its Impact on Positioning. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2024.3409088Li, J., Liu, M., Shang, S., Gao, X., & Liu, J. (2022). Carrier Phase Positioning Using 5G NR Signals Based on OFDM System. 2022 IEEE 96th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2022-Fall), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC2022-Fall57202.2022.10012896Ruwisch, F., Jain, A., & Schön, S. (2020). Characterisation of GNSS Carrier Phase Data on a Moving Zero-Baseline in Urban and Aerial Navigation. Sensors, 20(14), 4046. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20144046Schaper, A., Ruwisch, F., & Schön, S. (2022). Diffraction Modeling for Improved 3DMA GNSS Urban Navigation. 1902–1916. https://doi.org/10.33012/2022.18541Schön, S., Baasch, K.-N., Icking, L., KarimiDoona, A., Lin, Q., Ruwisch, F., Schaper, A., & Su, J. (2022). Towards Integrity for GNSS-based urban navigation – challenges and lessons learned. 2022 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), 1774–1781. https://doi.org/10.1109/IV51971.2022.9827402Shamaei, K., & Kassas, Z. M. (2021). Receiver Design and Time of Arrival Estimation for Opportunistic Localization With 5G Signals. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 20(7), 4716–4731. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2021.3061985
AB - Opportunistic 5G NR Ranging in dense Urban EnvironmentsThe standardization of fifth-generation (5G) New Radio (NR) cellular networks offers possibilities to provide low latency and high data rate communication in higher frequency bands. The increasing communication demand, both in public and private spaces, makes the deployment of denser networks especially interesting for urban areas. As a by-product, the emerging signal source can be used for positioning without the need for dedicated positioning infrastructures. With Release 16 of the 3GPP NR standardization, NR introduces a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) for downlink transmission and a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) for uplink transmission that addresses the technical capabilities of NR (Dahlman et al., 2021). However, in practice, the downlink signal is to this date commercially unavailable due to the deployment of software and hardware relying on older standardization.Approximate location awareness is necessary for every cellular network, e.g., to schedule the transmission between the receiver and the transmitting station or to organize the transition between cells when the receiver is in motion. To accomplish this need, each NR cell periodically broadcasts the Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), which can be captured and demodulated for navigation purposes. Advanced opportunistic receiver frameworks to detect, acquire, and track downlink signals from commercially operated cellular networks for stand-alone localization or ranging have recently been presented and evaluated (Abdallah & Kassas, 2021; Lapin et al., 2022; Shamaei & Kassas, 2021). Most of the analyzed experiments were carried out in rural and suburban environments as well as for airborne receivers, which are characterized by good LOS conditions for Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS).However, GNSS signals suffer from the harsh reception conditions in urban areas. NLOS (Non-line of Sight) and multipath signals caused by surrounding buildings, trees, or other interfering factors lead to ranging (Ruwisch et al., 2020; Schaper et al., 2022; Schön et al., 2022). The presence of a signal transmission infrastructure in an environment that is susceptible to GNSS positioning errors is an incentive to analyze these signals to enhance GNSS localization. In addition, 5G could be a candidate for an alternative PNT solution.This contribution aims to analyze the ranging capabilities of measurements based on the reception of commercially available 5G NR SSBs in urban environments with harsh GNSS conditions. To analyze the real-ranging capabilities of the 5G NR SSB, an Ettus Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) X310, with an SBX-120 Daughterboard is used to capture the signals. Reference Points with good LOS conditions to two commercial NR gNBs in the Vicinity of the Leibniz University, Hanover are given, and mobile measurement setup to capture signals in arbitrary locations is available. A modular navigation receiver, based on the ideas of (Abdallah et al., 2020; Lapin et al., 2022; Shamaei & Kassas, 2021), to process the captured NR SSBs, was implemented. This enables to analyze and evaluate the SSB ranging capabilities by the means of varying signal acquisition and tracking methods and properties in dense urban environments. Performance studies in urban environments showed, that open loop algorithms are able to approach the numerical analyzed lower bounds of 5G SSBs with a measurement noise between 5 to 10 m , although not only the receiver-transmitter synchronization (Camajori Tedeschini et al., 2023; Lapin et al., 2024) but also fading effects, such shadowing, play a crucial role in dense urban environments (Baasch & Schön, 2024). The analysis of closed-loop methods for determining the code range in dense urban environments and the exploitation of the carrier phase, which also makes the narrowband reference signals accessible for more accurate downlink distance measurements, not only in indoor scenarios (Chen et al., 2022; Li et al., 2022), but also in outdoor scenarios, remains to be investigated.REFERENCESAbdallah, A. A., & Kassas, Z. M. (2021). UAV Navigation With 5G Carrier Phase Measurements. 3294–3306. https://doi.org/10.33012/2021.18101Abdallah, A. A., Shamaei, K., & Kassas, Z. M. (2020). Assessing Real 5G Signals for Opportunistic Navigation. 2548–2559. https://doi.org/10.33012/2020.17702Baasch, K.-N., & Schön, S. (2024). Analyzing 5G NR Ranging capabilities for Aiding Multi-GNSS SPP ION GNSS+, 2024 (Unpublished).Camajori Tedeschini, B., Brambilla, M., Italiano, L., Reggiani, S., Vaccarono, D., Alghisi, M., Benvenuto, L., Goia, A., Realini, E., Grec, F., & Nicoli, M. (2023). A feasibility study of 5G positioning with current cellular network deployment. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 15281. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-42426-1Chen, L., Zhou, X., Chen, F., Yang, L.-L., & Chen, R. (2022). Carrier Phase Ranging for Indoor Positioning With 5G NR Signals. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 9(13), 10908–10919. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2021.3125373Dahlman, E., Parkvall, S., & Sköld, J. (2021). 5G NR : the next generation wireless access technology. Elsevier, Academic Press; https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1736857436Lapin, I., Granados, G. S., Samson, J., Renaudin, O., Zanier, F., & Ries, L. (2022). STARE: Real-Time Software Receiver for LTE and 5G NR Positioning and Signal Monitoring. 10th Workshop on Satellite Navigation Technology, 11. https://doi.org/10.1109/navitec53682.2022.9847544Lapin, I., Seco-Granados, G., Samson, J., & Garcia-Molina, J. A. (2024). Base Station Clock Offset of Cellular Measurements and Its Impact on Positioning. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2024.3409088Li, J., Liu, M., Shang, S., Gao, X., & Liu, J. (2022). Carrier Phase Positioning Using 5G NR Signals Based on OFDM System. 2022 IEEE 96th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2022-Fall), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC2022-Fall57202.2022.10012896Ruwisch, F., Jain, A., & Schön, S. (2020). Characterisation of GNSS Carrier Phase Data on a Moving Zero-Baseline in Urban and Aerial Navigation. Sensors, 20(14), 4046. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20144046Schaper, A., Ruwisch, F., & Schön, S. (2022). Diffraction Modeling for Improved 3DMA GNSS Urban Navigation. 1902–1916. https://doi.org/10.33012/2022.18541Schön, S., Baasch, K.-N., Icking, L., KarimiDoona, A., Lin, Q., Ruwisch, F., Schaper, A., & Su, J. (2022). Towards Integrity for GNSS-based urban navigation – challenges and lessons learned. 2022 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), 1774–1781. https://doi.org/10.1109/IV51971.2022.9827402Shamaei, K., & Kassas, Z. M. (2021). Receiver Design and Time of Arrival Estimation for Opportunistic Localization With 5G Signals. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 20(7), 4716–4731. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2021.3061985
KW - 5G NR
KW - Positionierung
KW - Navigation
KW - 5G NR
KW - urban environments
KW - PNT
KW - Positioning
KW - Navigation
M3 - Slides to presentation
T2 - NAVITEC 2024
Y2 - 11 December 2024 through 13 December 2024
ER -