Observation of Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 2.5–4.5 M ⊙ Compact Object and a Neutron Star

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration; The Virgo Collaboration; the KAGRA Collaboration; M. Carlassara; P. Chakraborty; K. Danzmann; M. Heurs; N. Johny; N. Knust; R. V. Kossak; H. Lück; M. Matiushechkina; M. Nery; B. W. Schulte; H. Vahlbruch; D. Wilken; B. Willke; Ya Zhang; Tomislav Andric; Fabio Bergamin; Aparna Bisht; Nina Bode; Phillip Booker; Andreas Borchers; Marc Brinkmann; Eike Brockmüller; Jonathan Carter; Shrobana  Ghosh; S. Hochheim; Wolfgang Kastaun; R Khadela; F Kahn; Philip Koch; Volker Kringel; Kristopher Kruska; G. Kuehn; J. Lehmann; James Lough; R. R. Maciy; Fabian Meylahn; S. L. Nadji; F. Ohme; G. Pascale; M. Schneewind; B. F. Schutz; J.  Venneberg; J. von Wrangel; Michael Weinert; F. Wellmann; Peter Weßels; D. S. Wu

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad5beb

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Original language	English
Article number	L34
Journal	Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volume	970
Issue number	2
Publication status	Published - 26 Jul 2024

Abstract

We report the observation of a coalescing compact binary with component masses 2.5–4.5 M_e and 1.2–2.0 M_e (all measurements quoted at the 90% credible level). The gravitational-wave signal GW230529_181500 was observed during the fourth observing run of the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA detector network on 2023 May 29 by the LIGO Livingston observatory. The primary component of the source has a mass less than 5 M_e at 99% credibility. We cannot definitively determine from gravitational-wave data alone whether either component of the source is a neutron star or a black hole. However, given existing estimates of the maximum neutron star mass, we find the most probable interpretation of the source to be the coalescence of a neutron star with a black hole that has a mass between the most massive neutron stars and the least massive black holes observed in the Galaxy. We provisionally estimate a merger rate density of 55_-⁺₄₇¹²⁷ Gpc^-3 yr^-1 for compact binary coalescences with properties similar to the source of GW230529_181500; assuming that the source is a neutron star–black hole merger, GW230529_181500-like sources may make up the majority of neutron star–black hole coalescences. The discovery of this system implies an increase in the expected rate of neutron star–black hole mergers with electromagnetic counterparts and provides further evidence for compact objects existing within the purported lower mass gap.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Physics and Astronomy(all)
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)
Space and Planetary Science

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Observation of Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 2.5–4.5 M _⊙ Compact Object and a Neutron Star. / The LIGO Scientific Collaboration; The Virgo Collaboration; the KAGRA Collaboration et al.
In: Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 970, No. 2, L34, 26.07.2024.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, The Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Carlassara, M, Chakraborty, P, Danzmann, K, Heurs, M, Johny, N, Knust, N, Kossak, RV, Lück, H, Matiushechkina, M, Nery, M, Schulte, BW, Vahlbruch, H, Wilken, D, Willke, B, Zhang, Y, Andric, T, Bergamin, F, Bisht, A, Bode, N, Booker, P, Borchers, A, Brinkmann, M, Brockmüller, E, Carter, J, Ghosh, S, Hochheim, S, Kastaun, W, Khadela, R, Kahn, F, Koch, P, Kringel, V, Kruska, K, Kuehn, G, Lehmann, J, Lough, J, Maciy, RR, Meylahn, F, Nadji, SL, Ohme, F, Pascale, G, Schneewind, M, Schutz, BF, Venneberg, J, von Wrangel, J, Weinert, M, Wellmann, F, Weßels, P & Wu, DS 2024, 'Observation of Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 2.5–4.5 M _⊙ Compact Object and a Neutron Star', Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 970, no. 2, L34. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad5beb

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, The Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Carlassara, M., Chakraborty, P., Danzmann, K., Heurs, M., Johny, N., Knust, N., Kossak, R. V., Lück, H., Matiushechkina, M., Nery, M., Schulte, B. W., Vahlbruch, H., Wilken, D., Willke, B., Zhang, Y., Andric, T., ... Wu, D. S. (2024). Observation of Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 2.5–4.5 M _⊙ Compact Object and a Neutron Star. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 970(2), Article L34. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad5beb

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, The Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Carlassara M, Chakraborty P, Danzmann K et al. Observation of Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 2.5–4.5 M _⊙ Compact Object and a Neutron Star. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2024 Jul 26;970(2):L34. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad5beb

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration ; The Virgo Collaboration ; the KAGRA Collaboration et al. / Observation of Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 2.5–4.5 M _⊙ Compact Object and a Neutron Star. In: Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2024 ; Vol. 970, No. 2.

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@article{b1d8c45a644e4053917202c334da13fe,

title = "Observation of Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 2.5–4.5 M ⊙ Compact Object and a Neutron Star",

abstract = "We report the observation of a coalescing compact binary with component masses 2.5–4.5 Me and 1.2–2.0 Me (all measurements quoted at the 90% credible level). The gravitational-wave signal GW230529_181500 was observed during the fourth observing run of the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA detector network on 2023 May 29 by the LIGO Livingston observatory. The primary component of the source has a mass less than 5 Me at 99% credibility. We cannot definitively determine from gravitational-wave data alone whether either component of the source is a neutron star or a black hole. However, given existing estimates of the maximum neutron star mass, we find the most probable interpretation of the source to be the coalescence of a neutron star with a black hole that has a mass between the most massive neutron stars and the least massive black holes observed in the Galaxy. We provisionally estimate a merger rate density of 55-+47127 Gpc-3 yr-1 for compact binary coalescences with properties similar to the source of GW230529_181500; assuming that the source is a neutron star–black hole merger, GW230529_181500-like sources may make up the majority of neutron star–black hole coalescences. The discovery of this system implies an increase in the expected rate of neutron star–black hole mergers with electromagnetic counterparts and provides further evidence for compact objects existing within the purported lower mass gap.",

author = "{The LIGO Scientific Collaboration} and {The Virgo Collaboration} and {the KAGRA Collaboration} and Abac, {A. G.} and R. Abbott and I. Abouelfettouh and F. Acernese and K. Ackley and S. Adhicary and N. Adhikari and Adhikari, {R. X.} and Adkins, {V. K.} and D. Agarwal and M. Agathos and {Aghaei Abchouyeh}, M. and Aguiar, {O. D.} and I. Aguilar and L. Aiello and A. Ain and P. Ajith and S. Ak{\c c}ay and T. Akutsu and S. Albanesi and Alfaidi, {R. A.} and A. Al-Jodah and C. All{\'e}n{\'e} and A. Allocca and S. Al-Shammari and Altin, {P. A.} and S. Alvarez-Lopez and A. Amato and L. Amez-Droz and A. Amorosi and C. Amra and A. Ananyeva and Anderson, {S. B.} and Anderson, {W. G.} and M. Andia and M. Carlassara and P. Chakraborty and K. Danzmann and M. Heurs and N. Johny and N. Knust and Kossak, {R. V.} and H. L{\"u}ck and M. Matiushechkina and M. Nery and Schulte, {B. W.} and H. Vahlbruch and D. Wilken and B. Willke and Ya Zhang and Tomislav Andric and Fabio Bergamin and Aparna Bisht and Nina Bode and Phillip Booker and Andreas Borchers and Marc Brinkmann and Eike Brockm{\"u}ller and Jonathan Carter and Shrobana Ghosh and S. Hochheim and Wolfgang Kastaun and R Khadela and F Kahn and Philip Koch and Volker Kringel and Kristopher Kruska and G. Kuehn and J. Lehmann and James Lough and Maciy, {R. R.} and Fabian Meylahn and Nadji, {S. L.} and F. Ohme and G. Pascale and M. Schneewind and Schutz, {B. F.} and J. Venneberg and {von Wrangel}, J. and Michael Weinert and F. Wellmann and Peter We{\ss}els and Wu, {D. S.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024. The Author(s).",

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language = "English",

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T1 - Observation of Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 2.5–4.5 M ⊙ Compact Object and a Neutron Star

AU - The LIGO Scientific Collaboration

AU - The Virgo Collaboration

AU - the KAGRA Collaboration

AU - Abac, A. G.

AU - Abbott, R.

AU - Abouelfettouh, I.

AU - Acernese, F.

AU - Ackley, K.

AU - Adhicary, S.

AU - Adhikari, N.

AU - Adhikari, R. X.

AU - Adkins, V. K.

AU - Agarwal, D.

AU - Agathos, M.

AU - Aghaei Abchouyeh, M.

AU - Aguiar, O. D.

AU - Aguilar, I.

AU - Aiello, L.

AU - Ain, A.

AU - Ajith, P.

AU - Akçay, S.

AU - Akutsu, T.

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AU - Alfaidi, R. A.

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AU - Alléné, C.

AU - Allocca, A.

AU - Al-Shammari, S.

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AU - Alvarez-Lopez, S.

AU - Amato, A.

AU - Amez-Droz, L.

AU - Amorosi, A.

AU - Amra, C.

AU - Ananyeva, A.

AU - Anderson, S. B.

AU - Anderson, W. G.

AU - Andia, M.

AU - Carlassara, M.

AU - Chakraborty, P.

AU - Danzmann, K.

AU - Heurs, M.

AU - Johny, N.

AU - Knust, N.

AU - Kossak, R. V.

AU - Lück, H.

AU - Matiushechkina, M.

AU - Nery, M.

AU - Schulte, B. W.

AU - Vahlbruch, H.

AU - Wilken, D.

AU - Willke, B.

AU - Zhang, Ya

AU - Andric, Tomislav

AU - Bergamin, Fabio

AU - Bisht, Aparna

AU - Bode, Nina

AU - Booker, Phillip

AU - Borchers, Andreas

AU - Brinkmann, Marc

AU - Brockmüller, Eike

AU - Carter, Jonathan

AU - Ghosh, Shrobana

AU - Hochheim, S.

AU - Kastaun, Wolfgang

AU - Khadela, R

AU - Kahn, F

AU - Koch, Philip

AU - Kringel, Volker

AU - Kruska, Kristopher

AU - Kuehn, G.

AU - Lehmann, J.

AU - Lough, James

AU - Maciy, R. R.

AU - Meylahn, Fabian

AU - Nadji, S. L.

AU - Ohme, F.

AU - Pascale, G.

AU - Schneewind, M.

AU - Schutz, B. F.

AU - Venneberg, J.

AU - von Wrangel, J.

AU - Weinert, Michael

AU - Wellmann, F.

AU - Weßels, Peter

AU - Wu, D. S.

PY - 2024/7/26

Y1 - 2024/7/26

N2 - We report the observation of a coalescing compact binary with component masses 2.5–4.5 Me and 1.2–2.0 Me (all measurements quoted at the 90% credible level). The gravitational-wave signal GW230529_181500 was observed during the fourth observing run of the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA detector network on 2023 May 29 by the LIGO Livingston observatory. The primary component of the source has a mass less than 5 Me at 99% credibility. We cannot definitively determine from gravitational-wave data alone whether either component of the source is a neutron star or a black hole. However, given existing estimates of the maximum neutron star mass, we find the most probable interpretation of the source to be the coalescence of a neutron star with a black hole that has a mass between the most massive neutron stars and the least massive black holes observed in the Galaxy. We provisionally estimate a merger rate density of 55-+47127 Gpc-3 yr-1 for compact binary coalescences with properties similar to the source of GW230529_181500; assuming that the source is a neutron star–black hole merger, GW230529_181500-like sources may make up the majority of neutron star–black hole coalescences. The discovery of this system implies an increase in the expected rate of neutron star–black hole mergers with electromagnetic counterparts and provides further evidence for compact objects existing within the purported lower mass gap.

AB - We report the observation of a coalescing compact binary with component masses 2.5–4.5 Me and 1.2–2.0 Me (all measurements quoted at the 90% credible level). The gravitational-wave signal GW230529_181500 was observed during the fourth observing run of the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA detector network on 2023 May 29 by the LIGO Livingston observatory. The primary component of the source has a mass less than 5 Me at 99% credibility. We cannot definitively determine from gravitational-wave data alone whether either component of the source is a neutron star or a black hole. However, given existing estimates of the maximum neutron star mass, we find the most probable interpretation of the source to be the coalescence of a neutron star with a black hole that has a mass between the most massive neutron stars and the least massive black holes observed in the Galaxy. We provisionally estimate a merger rate density of 55-+47127 Gpc-3 yr-1 for compact binary coalescences with properties similar to the source of GW230529_181500; assuming that the source is a neutron star–black hole merger, GW230529_181500-like sources may make up the majority of neutron star–black hole coalescences. The discovery of this system implies an increase in the expected rate of neutron star–black hole mergers with electromagnetic counterparts and provides further evidence for compact objects existing within the purported lower mass gap.

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DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/ad5beb

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VL - 970

JO - Astrophysical Journal Letters

JF - Astrophysical Journal Letters

SN - 2041-8205

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Research@Leibniz University

Observation of Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 2.5–4.5 M _⊙ Compact Object and a Neutron Star

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