Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Metal Forming - 2024 |
| Editors | Danuta Szeliga, Krzysztof Muszka |
| Pages | 482-492 |
| Number of pages | 11 |
| Publication status | Published - 2024 |
| Event | 20th International Conference on Metal Forming, 2024 - Krakow, Poland Duration: 15 Sept 2024 → 18 Sept 2024 |
Publication series
| Name | Materials Research Proceedings |
|---|---|
| Volume | 44 |
| ISSN (Print) | 2474-3941 |
| ISSN (electronic) | 2474-395X |
Abstract
During hot forming of steel oxide scaling occurs at higher temperatures caused by reactions with oxide containing atmospheres. Three characteristic iron oxides exist for steel at temperatures above 570°C: Wustite (FeO), magnetite (Fe3O4) and hematite (Fe2O3). Scale layer formation is influenced by various process parameters, such as temperature, process time and furnace atmosphere. Additionally, the base material with different alloying elements (e.g. C, Cr, Si and Ni) also affects the scale layer formation. Therefor oxide scales are very difficult to handle in the entire manufacturing process. The aim of this work is to examine and evaluate the influence of temperature, time and the alloying elements C and Cr in association with the layer growth, layer composition and thermophysical properties for scale layers. Based on the achieved correlations, a model is developed, which is able to predict the scale formation and scale properties, depending on temperature, time and alloying elements. With rising temperature and time increasing layer thicknesses were observed. Further, the additional Cr ensured lower layer thicknesses compared to the unalloyed steels. The iron oxide distribution changed with rising temperature to higher oxide containing phases like magnetite and hematite. The mathematical model, developed based on this results, is able to calculate the resulting layer structure, thickness and thermophysical properties depending on temperature, time and chemical composition of the material.
Keywords
- Microstructure, Modelling, Scale Layer, Thermophysical Properties
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Materials Science(all)
- General Materials Science
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Metal Forming - 2024. ed. / Danuta Szeliga; Krzysztof Muszka. 2024. p. 482-492 (Materials Research Proceedings; Vol. 44).
Research output: Chapter in book/report/conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Research › peer review
}
TY - GEN
T1 - Modelling of dynamic scale layer growth considering temperature, time and alloying elements
AU - Bergelt, Tim
AU - Graf, Marcel
AU - Hunze-Tretow, Jan
AU - Behrens, Bernd Arno
AU - Lampke, Thomas
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024, Association of American Publishers. All rights reserved.
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - During hot forming of steel oxide scaling occurs at higher temperatures caused by reactions with oxide containing atmospheres. Three characteristic iron oxides exist for steel at temperatures above 570°C: Wustite (FeO), magnetite (Fe3O4) and hematite (Fe2O3). Scale layer formation is influenced by various process parameters, such as temperature, process time and furnace atmosphere. Additionally, the base material with different alloying elements (e.g. C, Cr, Si and Ni) also affects the scale layer formation. Therefor oxide scales are very difficult to handle in the entire manufacturing process. The aim of this work is to examine and evaluate the influence of temperature, time and the alloying elements C and Cr in association with the layer growth, layer composition and thermophysical properties for scale layers. Based on the achieved correlations, a model is developed, which is able to predict the scale formation and scale properties, depending on temperature, time and alloying elements. With rising temperature and time increasing layer thicknesses were observed. Further, the additional Cr ensured lower layer thicknesses compared to the unalloyed steels. The iron oxide distribution changed with rising temperature to higher oxide containing phases like magnetite and hematite. The mathematical model, developed based on this results, is able to calculate the resulting layer structure, thickness and thermophysical properties depending on temperature, time and chemical composition of the material.
AB - During hot forming of steel oxide scaling occurs at higher temperatures caused by reactions with oxide containing atmospheres. Three characteristic iron oxides exist for steel at temperatures above 570°C: Wustite (FeO), magnetite (Fe3O4) and hematite (Fe2O3). Scale layer formation is influenced by various process parameters, such as temperature, process time and furnace atmosphere. Additionally, the base material with different alloying elements (e.g. C, Cr, Si and Ni) also affects the scale layer formation. Therefor oxide scales are very difficult to handle in the entire manufacturing process. The aim of this work is to examine and evaluate the influence of temperature, time and the alloying elements C and Cr in association with the layer growth, layer composition and thermophysical properties for scale layers. Based on the achieved correlations, a model is developed, which is able to predict the scale formation and scale properties, depending on temperature, time and alloying elements. With rising temperature and time increasing layer thicknesses were observed. Further, the additional Cr ensured lower layer thicknesses compared to the unalloyed steels. The iron oxide distribution changed with rising temperature to higher oxide containing phases like magnetite and hematite. The mathematical model, developed based on this results, is able to calculate the resulting layer structure, thickness and thermophysical properties depending on temperature, time and chemical composition of the material.
KW - Microstructure
KW - Modelling
KW - Scale Layer
KW - Thermophysical Properties
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85207828131&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.21741/9781644903254-52
DO - 10.21741/9781644903254-52
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85207828131
SN - 9781644903247
T3 - Materials Research Proceedings
SP - 482
EP - 492
BT - Metal Forming - 2024
A2 - Szeliga, Danuta
A2 - Muszka, Krzysztof
T2 - 20th International Conference on Metal Forming, 2024
Y2 - 15 September 2024 through 18 September 2024
ER -