Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 911-923 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | Nature nanotechnology |
| Volume | 17 |
| Issue number | 9 |
| Early online date | 22 Aug 2022 |
| Publication status | Published - Sept 2022 |
Abstract
In this Review we survey the molecular sieving behaviour of metal–organic framework (MOF) and covalent organic framework (COF) membranes, which is different from that of classical zeolite membranes. The nature of MOFs as inorganic–organic hybrid materials and COFs as purely organic materials is powerful and disruptive for the field of gas separation membranes. The possibility of growing neat MOFs and COFs on membrane supports, while also allowing successful blending into polymer–filler composites, has a huge advantage over classical zeolite molecular sieves. MOFs and COFs allow synthetic access to more than 100,000 different structures and tailor-made molecular gates. Additionally, soft evacuation below 100 °C is often enough to achieve pore activation. Therefore, a huge number of synthetic methods for supported MOF and COF membrane thin films, such as solvothermal synthesis, seed-mediated growth and counterdiffusion, exist. Among them, methods with high scale-up potential, for example, layer-by-layer dip- and spray-coating, chemical and physical vapour deposition, and electrochemical methods. Additionally, physical methods have been developed that involve external stimuli, such as electric fields and light. A particularly important point is their ability to react to stimuli, which has allowed the ‘drawbacks’ of the non-ideality of the molecular sieving properties to be exploited in a completely novel research direction. Controllable gas transport through membrane films is a next-level property of MOFs and COFs, leading towards adaptive process deviation. MOF and COF particles are highly compatible with polymers, which allows for mixed-matrix membranes. However, these membranes are not simple MOF–polymer blends, as they require improved polymer–filler interactions, such as cross-linking or surface functionalization.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Chemical Engineering(all)
- Bioengineering
- Physics and Astronomy(all)
- Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
- Engineering(all)
- Biomedical Engineering
- Materials Science(all)
- General Materials Science
- Physics and Astronomy(all)
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Engineering(all)
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
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In: Nature nanotechnology, Vol. 17, No. 9, 09.2022, p. 911-923.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Metal–organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks as disruptive membrane materials for energy-efficient gas separation
AU - Knebel, A.
AU - Caro, J.
N1 - Funding Information: A.K. acknowledges funding through the Carl Zeiss Foundation within the CZS Breakthroughs Program. J.C. is grateful for funding from the German Science Foundation (DFG), within the Priority Program SPP 1928/2.
PY - 2022/9
Y1 - 2022/9
N2 - In this Review we survey the molecular sieving behaviour of metal–organic framework (MOF) and covalent organic framework (COF) membranes, which is different from that of classical zeolite membranes. The nature of MOFs as inorganic–organic hybrid materials and COFs as purely organic materials is powerful and disruptive for the field of gas separation membranes. The possibility of growing neat MOFs and COFs on membrane supports, while also allowing successful blending into polymer–filler composites, has a huge advantage over classical zeolite molecular sieves. MOFs and COFs allow synthetic access to more than 100,000 different structures and tailor-made molecular gates. Additionally, soft evacuation below 100 °C is often enough to achieve pore activation. Therefore, a huge number of synthetic methods for supported MOF and COF membrane thin films, such as solvothermal synthesis, seed-mediated growth and counterdiffusion, exist. Among them, methods with high scale-up potential, for example, layer-by-layer dip- and spray-coating, chemical and physical vapour deposition, and electrochemical methods. Additionally, physical methods have been developed that involve external stimuli, such as electric fields and light. A particularly important point is their ability to react to stimuli, which has allowed the ‘drawbacks’ of the non-ideality of the molecular sieving properties to be exploited in a completely novel research direction. Controllable gas transport through membrane films is a next-level property of MOFs and COFs, leading towards adaptive process deviation. MOF and COF particles are highly compatible with polymers, which allows for mixed-matrix membranes. However, these membranes are not simple MOF–polymer blends, as they require improved polymer–filler interactions, such as cross-linking or surface functionalization.
AB - In this Review we survey the molecular sieving behaviour of metal–organic framework (MOF) and covalent organic framework (COF) membranes, which is different from that of classical zeolite membranes. The nature of MOFs as inorganic–organic hybrid materials and COFs as purely organic materials is powerful and disruptive for the field of gas separation membranes. The possibility of growing neat MOFs and COFs on membrane supports, while also allowing successful blending into polymer–filler composites, has a huge advantage over classical zeolite molecular sieves. MOFs and COFs allow synthetic access to more than 100,000 different structures and tailor-made molecular gates. Additionally, soft evacuation below 100 °C is often enough to achieve pore activation. Therefore, a huge number of synthetic methods for supported MOF and COF membrane thin films, such as solvothermal synthesis, seed-mediated growth and counterdiffusion, exist. Among them, methods with high scale-up potential, for example, layer-by-layer dip- and spray-coating, chemical and physical vapour deposition, and electrochemical methods. Additionally, physical methods have been developed that involve external stimuli, such as electric fields and light. A particularly important point is their ability to react to stimuli, which has allowed the ‘drawbacks’ of the non-ideality of the molecular sieving properties to be exploited in a completely novel research direction. Controllable gas transport through membrane films is a next-level property of MOFs and COFs, leading towards adaptive process deviation. MOF and COF particles are highly compatible with polymers, which allows for mixed-matrix membranes. However, these membranes are not simple MOF–polymer blends, as they require improved polymer–filler interactions, such as cross-linking or surface functionalization.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85136557588&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41565-022-01168-3
DO - 10.1038/s41565-022-01168-3
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35995854
AN - SCOPUS:85136557588
VL - 17
SP - 911
EP - 923
JO - Nature nanotechnology
JF - Nature nanotechnology
SN - 1748-3387
IS - 9
ER -