Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | Advanced engineering materials |
| Early online date | 13 Nov 2024 |
| Publication status | E-pub ahead of print - 13 Nov 2024 |
Abstract
Understanding the fundamental mechanisms of action for increasing weld depth during temporal power modulation in laser beam welding could allow dissimilar rotational welding without the introduction of concomitant turbulence, but with enhanced intermixing. The investigations are conducted on 30 mm-diameter round bars of stainless steel alloy 1.4301 and nickel base alloy 2.4856 utilizing a 16 kW disk laser beam source. Modulation frequencies are 0/50/100/200 Hz at low, medium, and high amplitudes of laser beam power. The influence on the process and weld characteristics is investigated through high-speed imaging with grayscale analysis, keyhole depth measurements, metallographic sections, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The objectives are successfully achieved, and the underlying mechanism is maintaining the keyhole depth at a higher level for modulation frequencies of 200 Hz and a high amplitude of laser beam power, which is related to the keyhole inertia. Based on this, a novel welding mode with a constant keyhole depth is proposed. Furthermore, up to 20% increase in weld depth is achieved, a saturation limit for the modulation frequency is identified, intermixing within the weld is enhanced, and a model for predicting the weld depth based solely on measurements of the surface width is developed.
Keywords
- dissimilar welding, high-power laser beam welding, temporal power modulations
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Materials Science(all)
- General Materials Science
- Physics and Astronomy(all)
- Condensed Matter Physics
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In: Advanced engineering materials, 13.11.2024.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Mechanisms of Increasing Weld Depth during Temporal Power Modulation in High-Power Laser Beam Welding
AU - Grajczak, Jan
AU - Reynders, David
AU - Nowroth, Christian
AU - Twiefel, Jens
AU - Wallaschek, Jörg
AU - Nothdurft, Sarah
AU - Hermsdorf, Jörg
AU - Kaierle, Stefan
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Engineering Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
PY - 2024/11/13
Y1 - 2024/11/13
N2 - Understanding the fundamental mechanisms of action for increasing weld depth during temporal power modulation in laser beam welding could allow dissimilar rotational welding without the introduction of concomitant turbulence, but with enhanced intermixing. The investigations are conducted on 30 mm-diameter round bars of stainless steel alloy 1.4301 and nickel base alloy 2.4856 utilizing a 16 kW disk laser beam source. Modulation frequencies are 0/50/100/200 Hz at low, medium, and high amplitudes of laser beam power. The influence on the process and weld characteristics is investigated through high-speed imaging with grayscale analysis, keyhole depth measurements, metallographic sections, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The objectives are successfully achieved, and the underlying mechanism is maintaining the keyhole depth at a higher level for modulation frequencies of 200 Hz and a high amplitude of laser beam power, which is related to the keyhole inertia. Based on this, a novel welding mode with a constant keyhole depth is proposed. Furthermore, up to 20% increase in weld depth is achieved, a saturation limit for the modulation frequency is identified, intermixing within the weld is enhanced, and a model for predicting the weld depth based solely on measurements of the surface width is developed.
AB - Understanding the fundamental mechanisms of action for increasing weld depth during temporal power modulation in laser beam welding could allow dissimilar rotational welding without the introduction of concomitant turbulence, but with enhanced intermixing. The investigations are conducted on 30 mm-diameter round bars of stainless steel alloy 1.4301 and nickel base alloy 2.4856 utilizing a 16 kW disk laser beam source. Modulation frequencies are 0/50/100/200 Hz at low, medium, and high amplitudes of laser beam power. The influence on the process and weld characteristics is investigated through high-speed imaging with grayscale analysis, keyhole depth measurements, metallographic sections, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The objectives are successfully achieved, and the underlying mechanism is maintaining the keyhole depth at a higher level for modulation frequencies of 200 Hz and a high amplitude of laser beam power, which is related to the keyhole inertia. Based on this, a novel welding mode with a constant keyhole depth is proposed. Furthermore, up to 20% increase in weld depth is achieved, a saturation limit for the modulation frequency is identified, intermixing within the weld is enhanced, and a model for predicting the weld depth based solely on measurements of the surface width is developed.
KW - dissimilar welding
KW - high-power laser beam welding
KW - temporal power modulations
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85208991093&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/adem.202401386
DO - 10.1002/adem.202401386
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85208991093
JO - Advanced engineering materials
JF - Advanced engineering materials
SN - 1438-1656
ER -