Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 825-832 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance |
| Volume | 31 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| Early online date | 16 Sept 2021 |
| Publication status | Published - Jan 2022 |
Abstract
The process of press hardening is gaining importance in view of the increasing demand for weight reduction combined with higher crash safety in cars. An alternative to the established manganese-boron steel 22MnB5 is hot-formed martensitic chromium steels such as AISI 420C. Strengths of 1850 MPa and elongations of 12% are possible, exceeding those of 22MnB5. In industrial manufacturing, FE-simulation is commonly used in order to design car body parts cost-efficiently. Therefore, the characterization and the modeling of AISI 420C regarding flow stress, phase transformations as well as failure behavior are presented in this paper. Temperature-depended flow curves are determined, showing the low flow stress and hardening behavior at temperatures around 1000 °C. Cooling experiments are carried out, and a continuous cooling diagram is generated. Observed phases are martensite and retained austenite for industrial relevant cooling rates above 10 K/s. In addition, tests to investigate temperature-dependent forming limit curves are performed. As expected, the highest forming limit is reached at 1050 °C and decreases with falling temperature. Finally, a simulation model of a press-hardening process chain is set up based on the material behavior characterized earlier and compared to experimental values. The forming force, phase transformation and forming limit could be calculated with good agreement to the experiment.
Keywords
- continuous cooling diagram, flow curve, forming limit diagram, martensitic chromium steel, press hardening simulation
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Materials Science(all)
- General Materials Science
- Engineering(all)
- Mechanics of Materials
- Engineering(all)
- Mechanical Engineering
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In: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 31, No. 1, 01.2022, p. 825-832.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Material Characterization and Modeling for Finite Element Simulation of Press Hardening with AISI 420C
AU - Behrens, Bernd-Arno
AU - Rosenbusch, Daniel
AU - Wester, Hendrik
AU - Stockburger, Eugen
N1 - Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) within the Project 385989694 “Determining the forming limits of martensitic chromium steels for hot forming.” Further we thank Outokumpu Nirosta GmbH for providing the martensitic chromium steel AISI 420C for the investigations.
PY - 2022/1
Y1 - 2022/1
N2 - The process of press hardening is gaining importance in view of the increasing demand for weight reduction combined with higher crash safety in cars. An alternative to the established manganese-boron steel 22MnB5 is hot-formed martensitic chromium steels such as AISI 420C. Strengths of 1850 MPa and elongations of 12% are possible, exceeding those of 22MnB5. In industrial manufacturing, FE-simulation is commonly used in order to design car body parts cost-efficiently. Therefore, the characterization and the modeling of AISI 420C regarding flow stress, phase transformations as well as failure behavior are presented in this paper. Temperature-depended flow curves are determined, showing the low flow stress and hardening behavior at temperatures around 1000 °C. Cooling experiments are carried out, and a continuous cooling diagram is generated. Observed phases are martensite and retained austenite for industrial relevant cooling rates above 10 K/s. In addition, tests to investigate temperature-dependent forming limit curves are performed. As expected, the highest forming limit is reached at 1050 °C and decreases with falling temperature. Finally, a simulation model of a press-hardening process chain is set up based on the material behavior characterized earlier and compared to experimental values. The forming force, phase transformation and forming limit could be calculated with good agreement to the experiment.
AB - The process of press hardening is gaining importance in view of the increasing demand for weight reduction combined with higher crash safety in cars. An alternative to the established manganese-boron steel 22MnB5 is hot-formed martensitic chromium steels such as AISI 420C. Strengths of 1850 MPa and elongations of 12% are possible, exceeding those of 22MnB5. In industrial manufacturing, FE-simulation is commonly used in order to design car body parts cost-efficiently. Therefore, the characterization and the modeling of AISI 420C regarding flow stress, phase transformations as well as failure behavior are presented in this paper. Temperature-depended flow curves are determined, showing the low flow stress and hardening behavior at temperatures around 1000 °C. Cooling experiments are carried out, and a continuous cooling diagram is generated. Observed phases are martensite and retained austenite for industrial relevant cooling rates above 10 K/s. In addition, tests to investigate temperature-dependent forming limit curves are performed. As expected, the highest forming limit is reached at 1050 °C and decreases with falling temperature. Finally, a simulation model of a press-hardening process chain is set up based on the material behavior characterized earlier and compared to experimental values. The forming force, phase transformation and forming limit could be calculated with good agreement to the experiment.
KW - continuous cooling diagram
KW - flow curve
KW - forming limit diagram
KW - martensitic chromium steel
KW - press hardening simulation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85115072743&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11665-021-06216-y
DO - 10.1007/s11665-021-06216-y
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85115072743
VL - 31
SP - 825
EP - 832
JO - Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance
JF - Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance
SN - 1059-9495
IS - 1
ER -