Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 112972 |
| Journal | Plant and soil |
| Early online date | 12 Dec 2024 |
| Publication status | E-pub ahead of print - 12 Dec 2024 |
Abstract
Introduction: Apple replant disease (ARD) causes reduced growth and fruit yield and affects orchards and tree nurseries worldwide. A number of pathogens have been consistently identified as causal agents of ARD; however factors affecting disease-severity are not fully understood. Aims: We examined five soils from German tree nurseries and apple orchards featuring different soil characteristics and replant histories. We aimed to link the plant-soil interaction to replant disease severity. Methods: In a greenhouse experiment, young apple plants were grown for eight weeks on untreated and disinfected (control) soils. Growth parameters were recorded to evaluate the severity of ARD. The defence response of the plants was examined by expression analysis of ARD indicator genes (BIS3, B4H and ERF1B) and GC–MS-based detection of phytoalexins. The fungal and bacterial rhizosphere communities were investigated by ITS and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, respectively. Results: After eight weeks, ARD symptoms were observed on all soils. Growth depression was highest on soils that had faced intensive apple cultivation and lowest on a soil with only one year of apple cultivation prior to the experiment. These results correlated with increases in the BIS3 expression level and the phytoalexin content in the roots. No bacteria and fungi commonly found in increased abundance in ARD soils were consistently detected in all soils. Conclusions: Replant history influenced disease severity more than soil characteristics. ARD symptoms correlated with BIS3 expression and phytoalexin (PA) formation. PA exudation increased the relative abundance of bacterial genera with the potential ability to degrade phenolic compounds.
Keywords
- Apple replant disease, ARD, Biphenyl synthase 3, Molecular barcoding, Phytoalexins, Rhizosphere microbiome
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all)
- Soil Science
- Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all)
- Plant Science
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In: Plant and soil, 12.12.2024.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Linking soil characteristics, rhizosphere microbiome composition, and plant defence reaction to apple replant disease severity
AU - Orth, Nils
AU - Krueger, Jiem
AU - Liu, Benye
AU - Mahmoud, Fatma M.
AU - Benning, Sarah
AU - Beerhues, Ludger
AU - Schloter, Michael
AU - Boy, Jens
AU - Guggenberger, Georg
AU - Winkelmann, Traud
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.
PY - 2024/12/12
Y1 - 2024/12/12
N2 - Introduction: Apple replant disease (ARD) causes reduced growth and fruit yield and affects orchards and tree nurseries worldwide. A number of pathogens have been consistently identified as causal agents of ARD; however factors affecting disease-severity are not fully understood. Aims: We examined five soils from German tree nurseries and apple orchards featuring different soil characteristics and replant histories. We aimed to link the plant-soil interaction to replant disease severity. Methods: In a greenhouse experiment, young apple plants were grown for eight weeks on untreated and disinfected (control) soils. Growth parameters were recorded to evaluate the severity of ARD. The defence response of the plants was examined by expression analysis of ARD indicator genes (BIS3, B4H and ERF1B) and GC–MS-based detection of phytoalexins. The fungal and bacterial rhizosphere communities were investigated by ITS and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, respectively. Results: After eight weeks, ARD symptoms were observed on all soils. Growth depression was highest on soils that had faced intensive apple cultivation and lowest on a soil with only one year of apple cultivation prior to the experiment. These results correlated with increases in the BIS3 expression level and the phytoalexin content in the roots. No bacteria and fungi commonly found in increased abundance in ARD soils were consistently detected in all soils. Conclusions: Replant history influenced disease severity more than soil characteristics. ARD symptoms correlated with BIS3 expression and phytoalexin (PA) formation. PA exudation increased the relative abundance of bacterial genera with the potential ability to degrade phenolic compounds.
AB - Introduction: Apple replant disease (ARD) causes reduced growth and fruit yield and affects orchards and tree nurseries worldwide. A number of pathogens have been consistently identified as causal agents of ARD; however factors affecting disease-severity are not fully understood. Aims: We examined five soils from German tree nurseries and apple orchards featuring different soil characteristics and replant histories. We aimed to link the plant-soil interaction to replant disease severity. Methods: In a greenhouse experiment, young apple plants were grown for eight weeks on untreated and disinfected (control) soils. Growth parameters were recorded to evaluate the severity of ARD. The defence response of the plants was examined by expression analysis of ARD indicator genes (BIS3, B4H and ERF1B) and GC–MS-based detection of phytoalexins. The fungal and bacterial rhizosphere communities were investigated by ITS and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, respectively. Results: After eight weeks, ARD symptoms were observed on all soils. Growth depression was highest on soils that had faced intensive apple cultivation and lowest on a soil with only one year of apple cultivation prior to the experiment. These results correlated with increases in the BIS3 expression level and the phytoalexin content in the roots. No bacteria and fungi commonly found in increased abundance in ARD soils were consistently detected in all soils. Conclusions: Replant history influenced disease severity more than soil characteristics. ARD symptoms correlated with BIS3 expression and phytoalexin (PA) formation. PA exudation increased the relative abundance of bacterial genera with the potential ability to degrade phenolic compounds.
KW - Apple replant disease
KW - ARD
KW - Biphenyl synthase 3
KW - Molecular barcoding
KW - Phytoalexins
KW - Rhizosphere microbiome
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85212229799&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11104-024-07091-x
DO - 10.1007/s11104-024-07091-x
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85212229799
JO - Plant and soil
JF - Plant and soil
SN - 0032-079X
M1 - 112972
ER -