Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 21-34 |
| Number of pages | 14 |
| Journal | Water research |
| Volume | 149 |
| Early online date | 1 Nov 2018 |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Feb 2019 |
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been identified as confirmed but until today underestimated sources of Legionella, playing an important role in local and community cases and outbreaks of Legionnaires’ disease. In general, aerobic biological systems provide an optimum environment for the growth of Legionella due to high organic nitrogen and oxygen concentrations, ideal temperatures and the presence of protozoa. However, few studies have investigated the occurrence of Legionella in WWTPs, and many questions in regards to the interacting factors that promote the proliferation and persistence of Legionella in these treatment systems are still unanswered. This critical review summarizes the current knowledge about Legionella in municipal and industrial WWTPs, the conditions that might support their growth, as well as control strategies that have been applied. Furthermore, an overview of current quantification methods, guidelines and health risks associated with Legionella in reclaimed wastewater is also discussed in depth. A better understanding of the conditions promoting the occurrence of Legionella in WWTPs will contribute to the development of improved wastewater treatment technologies and/or innovative mitigation approaches to minimize future Legionella outbreaks.
Keywords
- Activated sludge, Industrial wastewater, Legionella, Reclaimed wastewater, Wastewater treatment plants
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Environmental Science(all)
- Environmental Engineering
- Engineering(all)
- Civil and Structural Engineering
- Environmental Science(all)
- Ecological Modelling
- Environmental Science(all)
- Water Science and Technology
- Environmental Science(all)
- Waste Management and Disposal
- Environmental Science(all)
- Pollution
Sustainable Development Goals
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In: Water research, Vol. 149, 01.02.2019, p. 21-34.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Legionella occurrence in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants and risks of reclaimed wastewater reuse
T2 - Review
AU - Caicedo, C.
AU - Rosenwinkel, K. H.
AU - Exner, M.
AU - Verstraete, W.
AU - Suchenwirth, R.
AU - Hartemann, P.
AU - Nogueira, R.
N1 - Funding Information: This work was performed under the financial support from the Ministry for Environment, Agriculture, Conservation and Consumer Protection of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia ( P 03/13-71 Ar ).
PY - 2019/2/1
Y1 - 2019/2/1
N2 - Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been identified as confirmed but until today underestimated sources of Legionella, playing an important role in local and community cases and outbreaks of Legionnaires’ disease. In general, aerobic biological systems provide an optimum environment for the growth of Legionella due to high organic nitrogen and oxygen concentrations, ideal temperatures and the presence of protozoa. However, few studies have investigated the occurrence of Legionella in WWTPs, and many questions in regards to the interacting factors that promote the proliferation and persistence of Legionella in these treatment systems are still unanswered. This critical review summarizes the current knowledge about Legionella in municipal and industrial WWTPs, the conditions that might support their growth, as well as control strategies that have been applied. Furthermore, an overview of current quantification methods, guidelines and health risks associated with Legionella in reclaimed wastewater is also discussed in depth. A better understanding of the conditions promoting the occurrence of Legionella in WWTPs will contribute to the development of improved wastewater treatment technologies and/or innovative mitigation approaches to minimize future Legionella outbreaks.
AB - Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been identified as confirmed but until today underestimated sources of Legionella, playing an important role in local and community cases and outbreaks of Legionnaires’ disease. In general, aerobic biological systems provide an optimum environment for the growth of Legionella due to high organic nitrogen and oxygen concentrations, ideal temperatures and the presence of protozoa. However, few studies have investigated the occurrence of Legionella in WWTPs, and many questions in regards to the interacting factors that promote the proliferation and persistence of Legionella in these treatment systems are still unanswered. This critical review summarizes the current knowledge about Legionella in municipal and industrial WWTPs, the conditions that might support their growth, as well as control strategies that have been applied. Furthermore, an overview of current quantification methods, guidelines and health risks associated with Legionella in reclaimed wastewater is also discussed in depth. A better understanding of the conditions promoting the occurrence of Legionella in WWTPs will contribute to the development of improved wastewater treatment technologies and/or innovative mitigation approaches to minimize future Legionella outbreaks.
KW - Activated sludge
KW - Industrial wastewater
KW - Legionella
KW - Reclaimed wastewater
KW - Wastewater treatment plants
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85056478980&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.080
DO - 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.080
M3 - Review article
C2 - 30445393
AN - SCOPUS:85056478980
VL - 149
SP - 21
EP - 34
JO - Water research
JF - Water research
SN - 0043-1354
ER -