Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 32-46 |
| Number of pages | 15 |
| Journal | Fuel |
| Volume | 224 |
| Publication status | Published - 16 Mar 2018 |
Abstract
The use of fuel blending is encouraged in order to achieve more flexibility in gas engines. In order to design such engines effectively, relevant information about the laminar flame speeds and laminar flame thickness are necessary. Hydrodynamic and thermo-diffusive instabilities at gas engine conditions prevent the acquisition of reliable data experimentally. One-dimensional numerical simulations with detailed chemistry can be a solution. A huge database of laminar flame speeds is generated covering a broad range of gas engine applications, pressure (p) 0.1–20 MPa, fresh gas temperature (Tu) 300–1100 K, air-fuel equivalence ratio (λ) 0.9–2.5, methane 100–60 vol%, ethane 0–40 vol%, propane 0–40 vol%, hydrogen 0–30 vol% and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) 0–30 m%. The detailed reaction mechanisms GRI 3.0 and AramcoMech 1.3 are used for the generation of flame speed data for the mentioned conditions. A laminar flame speed correlation for 100% hydrogen extending up to elevated pressure and temperature conditions is developed. A blending law based on Le Chatelier's rule is investigated. It is observed that the HC-ratio has a very determining effect for the laminar flame properties of different C1-C3 alkane blends. Based on this observation, it was possible to derive a very efficient correlation for both laminar flame speed and laminar flame thickness for the group of natural gas blends with methane, ethane, propane and hydrogen, and as well as including relevant EGR, which corresponds within 7% accuracy to the calculated database of about 73,000 points. The developed laminar flame speed correlation is incorporated in an engine process simulation code. It is validated with the measured in-cylinder pressure traces from the single cylinder research engine experiments for different gas blends and EGR ratios.
Keywords
- Blends, Correlation, Gas engines, Gas turbines, Hydrogen, Laminar flame speed, Laminar flame thickness, Natural gas
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Chemical Engineering(all)
- Energy(all)
- Fuel Technology
- Energy(all)
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology
- Chemistry(all)
- Organic Chemistry
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In: Fuel, Vol. 224, 16.03.2018, p. 32-46.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Laminar flame properties of C1-C3 alkanes/hydrogen blends at gas engine conditions
AU - Kuppa, Kalyan
AU - Goldmann, Andreas
AU - Schöffler, Tobias
AU - Dinkelacker, Friedrich
N1 - Funding information: The authors thank the Forschungsvereinigung Verbrennungskraftmaschinen (FVV) e.V for the financial support for the ongoing project “30?bar IMEP in gas engines” in collaboration with the Lehrstuhl für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen (G. Wachtmeister, M. Prager, S. Eicheldinger) TU Munich.
PY - 2018/3/16
Y1 - 2018/3/16
N2 - The use of fuel blending is encouraged in order to achieve more flexibility in gas engines. In order to design such engines effectively, relevant information about the laminar flame speeds and laminar flame thickness are necessary. Hydrodynamic and thermo-diffusive instabilities at gas engine conditions prevent the acquisition of reliable data experimentally. One-dimensional numerical simulations with detailed chemistry can be a solution. A huge database of laminar flame speeds is generated covering a broad range of gas engine applications, pressure (p) 0.1–20 MPa, fresh gas temperature (Tu) 300–1100 K, air-fuel equivalence ratio (λ) 0.9–2.5, methane 100–60 vol%, ethane 0–40 vol%, propane 0–40 vol%, hydrogen 0–30 vol% and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) 0–30 m%. The detailed reaction mechanisms GRI 3.0 and AramcoMech 1.3 are used for the generation of flame speed data for the mentioned conditions. A laminar flame speed correlation for 100% hydrogen extending up to elevated pressure and temperature conditions is developed. A blending law based on Le Chatelier's rule is investigated. It is observed that the HC-ratio has a very determining effect for the laminar flame properties of different C1-C3 alkane blends. Based on this observation, it was possible to derive a very efficient correlation for both laminar flame speed and laminar flame thickness for the group of natural gas blends with methane, ethane, propane and hydrogen, and as well as including relevant EGR, which corresponds within 7% accuracy to the calculated database of about 73,000 points. The developed laminar flame speed correlation is incorporated in an engine process simulation code. It is validated with the measured in-cylinder pressure traces from the single cylinder research engine experiments for different gas blends and EGR ratios.
AB - The use of fuel blending is encouraged in order to achieve more flexibility in gas engines. In order to design such engines effectively, relevant information about the laminar flame speeds and laminar flame thickness are necessary. Hydrodynamic and thermo-diffusive instabilities at gas engine conditions prevent the acquisition of reliable data experimentally. One-dimensional numerical simulations with detailed chemistry can be a solution. A huge database of laminar flame speeds is generated covering a broad range of gas engine applications, pressure (p) 0.1–20 MPa, fresh gas temperature (Tu) 300–1100 K, air-fuel equivalence ratio (λ) 0.9–2.5, methane 100–60 vol%, ethane 0–40 vol%, propane 0–40 vol%, hydrogen 0–30 vol% and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) 0–30 m%. The detailed reaction mechanisms GRI 3.0 and AramcoMech 1.3 are used for the generation of flame speed data for the mentioned conditions. A laminar flame speed correlation for 100% hydrogen extending up to elevated pressure and temperature conditions is developed. A blending law based on Le Chatelier's rule is investigated. It is observed that the HC-ratio has a very determining effect for the laminar flame properties of different C1-C3 alkane blends. Based on this observation, it was possible to derive a very efficient correlation for both laminar flame speed and laminar flame thickness for the group of natural gas blends with methane, ethane, propane and hydrogen, and as well as including relevant EGR, which corresponds within 7% accuracy to the calculated database of about 73,000 points. The developed laminar flame speed correlation is incorporated in an engine process simulation code. It is validated with the measured in-cylinder pressure traces from the single cylinder research engine experiments for different gas blends and EGR ratios.
KW - Blends
KW - Correlation
KW - Gas engines
KW - Gas turbines
KW - Hydrogen
KW - Laminar flame speed
KW - Laminar flame thickness
KW - Natural gas
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85043775209&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.02.167
DO - 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.02.167
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85043775209
VL - 224
SP - 32
EP - 46
JO - Fuel
JF - Fuel
SN - 0016-2361
ER -