Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 766-780 |
| Number of pages | 15 |
| Journal | IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems |
| Volume | 58 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| Publication status | Published - 24 Aug 2021 |
Abstract
Observations from high rate sensors are known to be time-correlated. When processed in a Kalman filter (KF) without accounting for correlations, i) a discrepancy with the true solution occurs, up to a divergence of the filter and ii) the covariance estimates are overestimated, which is equally problematic. Two main solutions exist to account for correlations in a KF: The time differenced and the state augmentation approach. They both model the correlated noise corresponding to an autoregressive process of the first order (AR(1), also called the Gauss Markov process) as it has a short memory, is linear and can be easily implemented. In this contribution, we propose a new method to account for measurement correlations by means of a variance inflation factor (VIF). The latter is derived from an AR(1) assumption for the measurement noise, and its parameters can be estimated by whitening the KF residuals. Our proposal, called the KF_VIF, is further extended to an AR(p) model to account for finer correlation structures. We compare the different approaches and address the impact of noise mismodeling. We use simulations to test the sensitivity of the KF solution to misspecifications and show that the KF_VIF proposed is a powerful answer to account for correlated measurement noise. A real case analysis corresponding to a precomputed flight trajectory with a constant velocity validates the results of the simulations.
Keywords
- Autoregressive (AR) process, correlated measurement noise, Correlation, Covariance matrices, Filtering, Kalman filter, Kalman filters, Mathematical model, Noise measurement, power law noise, Standards, state augmentation method, variance inflation factor
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Engineering(all)
- Aerospace Engineering
- Engineering(all)
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
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In: IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 58, No. 2, 24.08.2021, p. 766-780.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Kalman filter and correlated measurement noise
T2 - the Variance inflation factor
AU - Kermarrec, Gael
AU - Jain, Ankit
AU - Schon, Steffen
PY - 2021/8/24
Y1 - 2021/8/24
N2 - Observations from high rate sensors are known to be time-correlated. When processed in a Kalman filter (KF) without accounting for correlations, i) a discrepancy with the true solution occurs, up to a divergence of the filter and ii) the covariance estimates are overestimated, which is equally problematic. Two main solutions exist to account for correlations in a KF: The time differenced and the state augmentation approach. They both model the correlated noise corresponding to an autoregressive process of the first order (AR(1), also called the Gauss Markov process) as it has a short memory, is linear and can be easily implemented. In this contribution, we propose a new method to account for measurement correlations by means of a variance inflation factor (VIF). The latter is derived from an AR(1) assumption for the measurement noise, and its parameters can be estimated by whitening the KF residuals. Our proposal, called the KF_VIF, is further extended to an AR(p) model to account for finer correlation structures. We compare the different approaches and address the impact of noise mismodeling. We use simulations to test the sensitivity of the KF solution to misspecifications and show that the KF_VIF proposed is a powerful answer to account for correlated measurement noise. A real case analysis corresponding to a precomputed flight trajectory with a constant velocity validates the results of the simulations.
AB - Observations from high rate sensors are known to be time-correlated. When processed in a Kalman filter (KF) without accounting for correlations, i) a discrepancy with the true solution occurs, up to a divergence of the filter and ii) the covariance estimates are overestimated, which is equally problematic. Two main solutions exist to account for correlations in a KF: The time differenced and the state augmentation approach. They both model the correlated noise corresponding to an autoregressive process of the first order (AR(1), also called the Gauss Markov process) as it has a short memory, is linear and can be easily implemented. In this contribution, we propose a new method to account for measurement correlations by means of a variance inflation factor (VIF). The latter is derived from an AR(1) assumption for the measurement noise, and its parameters can be estimated by whitening the KF residuals. Our proposal, called the KF_VIF, is further extended to an AR(p) model to account for finer correlation structures. We compare the different approaches and address the impact of noise mismodeling. We use simulations to test the sensitivity of the KF solution to misspecifications and show that the KF_VIF proposed is a powerful answer to account for correlated measurement noise. A real case analysis corresponding to a precomputed flight trajectory with a constant velocity validates the results of the simulations.
KW - Autoregressive (AR) process
KW - correlated measurement noise
KW - Correlation
KW - Covariance matrices
KW - Filtering
KW - Kalman filter
KW - Kalman filters
KW - Mathematical model
KW - Noise measurement
KW - power law noise
KW - Standards
KW - state augmentation method
KW - variance inflation factor
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85113840316&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/taes.2021.3103564
DO - 10.1109/taes.2021.3103564
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85113840316
VL - 58
SP - 766
EP - 780
JO - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems
JF - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems
SN - 0018-9251
IS - 2
ER -