Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 315-333 |
| Number of pages | 19 |
| Journal | Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications |
| Volume | 29 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| Early online date | 15 Dec 2020 |
| Publication status | Published - 16 Feb 2021 |
Abstract
This paper presents the results from an extensive interlaboratory comparison of angular-dependent measurements on encapsulated photovoltaic (PV) cells. Twelve international laboratories measure the incident angle modifier of two unique PV devices. The absolute measurement agreement is ±2.0% to the weighted mean for angles of incidence (AOI) ≤ 65°, but from 70° to 85°, the range of measurement deviations increases rapidly from 2.5% to 23%. The proficiency of the measurements is analysed using the expanded uncertainties published by seven of the laboratories, and it is found that most of the angular-dependent measurements are reproducible for AOI ≤ 80°. However, at 85°, one laboratory's measurement do not agree to the weighted mean within the stated uncertainty, and measurement uncertainty as high as 16% is needed for the laboratories without uncertainty to be comparable. The poor agreement obtained at 85° indicates that the PV community should place minimal reliance on angular-dependent measurements made at this extreme angle until improvements can be demonstrated. The cloud-based Daidalos ray tracing model is used to simulate the angular-dependent losses of the mono-Si device, and it is found that the simulation agrees to the median measurement within 0.6% for AOI ≤ 70° and within 1.4% for AOI ≤ 80°. Finally, the impact that the angular-dependent measurement deviations have on climate specific energy rating (CSER) is evaluated for the six climates described in the IEC 61853-4 standard. When one outlier measurement is excluded, the angular-dependent measurements reported in this work cause a 1.0%–1.8% range in CSER and a 1.0%–1.5% range in annual energy yield, depending on the climate.
Keywords
- angle of incidence, angular-dependent losses, diffuse irradiance, energy rating, incidence angle modifier, interlaboratory comparison, optical losses, relative transmittance
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Materials Science(all)
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Energy(all)
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
- Physics and Astronomy(all)
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Engineering(all)
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Sustainable Development Goals
Cite this
- Standard
- Harvard
- Apa
- Vancouver
- BibTeX
- RIS
In: Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 29, No. 3, 16.02.2021, p. 315-333.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Interlaboratory comparison of angular-dependent photovoltaic device measurements
T2 - Results and impact on energy rating
AU - Riedel-Lyngskær, Nicholas
AU - Santamaría Lancia, Adrián A.
AU - Plag, Fabian
AU - Kröger, Ingo
AU - Vogt, Malte R.
AU - Schinke, Carsten
AU - Davidsen, Rasmus S.
AU - Amdemeskel, Mekbib
AU - Jansen, Mark J.
AU - Manshanden, Petra
AU - Slooff, Lenneke H.
AU - Carr, Anna J.
AU - Bliss, Martin
AU - Betts, Tom
AU - Mayo, Mikel E.
AU - Jauregui, Iñigo P.
AU - Balenzategui, Jose L.
AU - Roldan, Ruben
AU - Bellenda, Giovanni
AU - Caccivio, Mauro
AU - Kräling, Ulli
AU - Neuberger, Frank
AU - Zirzow, Daniel
AU - Crimmins, Jim
AU - Robinson, Charles
AU - King, Bruce
AU - Teasdale, Wesley
AU - Kedir, Cherif
AU - Watts, John
AU - Desharnais, Ryan
AU - Poulsen, Peter B.
AU - Jakobsen, Michael L.
AU - dos Reis Benatto, Gisele A.
N1 - Funding Information: We thank Dr. Werner Herrmann of T?V Rheinland Energy GmbH for providing the spectral responsivity and multi-irradiance/temperature matrix measurements of a 60-cell crystalline Silicon module, which allowed us to perform the energy rating calculations. Part of the work made on behalf of DTU was funded by the Danish Energy Technology Development and Demonstration Program (EUDP) project number 64016-0030. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) under Solar Energy Technologies Office (SETO) Agreement Number 34364. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc. for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.
PY - 2021/2/16
Y1 - 2021/2/16
N2 - This paper presents the results from an extensive interlaboratory comparison of angular-dependent measurements on encapsulated photovoltaic (PV) cells. Twelve international laboratories measure the incident angle modifier of two unique PV devices. The absolute measurement agreement is ±2.0% to the weighted mean for angles of incidence (AOI) ≤ 65°, but from 70° to 85°, the range of measurement deviations increases rapidly from 2.5% to 23%. The proficiency of the measurements is analysed using the expanded uncertainties published by seven of the laboratories, and it is found that most of the angular-dependent measurements are reproducible for AOI ≤ 80°. However, at 85°, one laboratory's measurement do not agree to the weighted mean within the stated uncertainty, and measurement uncertainty as high as 16% is needed for the laboratories without uncertainty to be comparable. The poor agreement obtained at 85° indicates that the PV community should place minimal reliance on angular-dependent measurements made at this extreme angle until improvements can be demonstrated. The cloud-based Daidalos ray tracing model is used to simulate the angular-dependent losses of the mono-Si device, and it is found that the simulation agrees to the median measurement within 0.6% for AOI ≤ 70° and within 1.4% for AOI ≤ 80°. Finally, the impact that the angular-dependent measurement deviations have on climate specific energy rating (CSER) is evaluated for the six climates described in the IEC 61853-4 standard. When one outlier measurement is excluded, the angular-dependent measurements reported in this work cause a 1.0%–1.8% range in CSER and a 1.0%–1.5% range in annual energy yield, depending on the climate.
AB - This paper presents the results from an extensive interlaboratory comparison of angular-dependent measurements on encapsulated photovoltaic (PV) cells. Twelve international laboratories measure the incident angle modifier of two unique PV devices. The absolute measurement agreement is ±2.0% to the weighted mean for angles of incidence (AOI) ≤ 65°, but from 70° to 85°, the range of measurement deviations increases rapidly from 2.5% to 23%. The proficiency of the measurements is analysed using the expanded uncertainties published by seven of the laboratories, and it is found that most of the angular-dependent measurements are reproducible for AOI ≤ 80°. However, at 85°, one laboratory's measurement do not agree to the weighted mean within the stated uncertainty, and measurement uncertainty as high as 16% is needed for the laboratories without uncertainty to be comparable. The poor agreement obtained at 85° indicates that the PV community should place minimal reliance on angular-dependent measurements made at this extreme angle until improvements can be demonstrated. The cloud-based Daidalos ray tracing model is used to simulate the angular-dependent losses of the mono-Si device, and it is found that the simulation agrees to the median measurement within 0.6% for AOI ≤ 70° and within 1.4% for AOI ≤ 80°. Finally, the impact that the angular-dependent measurement deviations have on climate specific energy rating (CSER) is evaluated for the six climates described in the IEC 61853-4 standard. When one outlier measurement is excluded, the angular-dependent measurements reported in this work cause a 1.0%–1.8% range in CSER and a 1.0%–1.5% range in annual energy yield, depending on the climate.
KW - angle of incidence
KW - angular-dependent losses
KW - diffuse irradiance
KW - energy rating
KW - incidence angle modifier
KW - interlaboratory comparison
KW - optical losses
KW - relative transmittance
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85097539775&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/pip.3365
DO - 10.1002/pip.3365
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85097539775
VL - 29
SP - 315
EP - 333
JO - Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications
JF - Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications
SN - 1062-7995
IS - 3
ER -