Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 26-35 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | Journal of crystal growth |
| Volume | 494 |
| Early online date | 5 May 2018 |
| Publication status | Published - 15 Jul 2018 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Abstract
Rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays (NRAs) are applicable in various prospective technologies. Hydrothermal methods present a simple technique to fabricate such NRAs. In this report, we present the fabrication of seed layers for the hydrothermal growth of rutile TiO2 nanorods via sputter deposition, electron-beam evaporation, and sol-gel method and study the influence of each on the growth behavior. To satisfy the requirements of numerous applications, p-type silicon, platinum, levitating carbon membranes, a template made of polystyrene spheres, and commercial fluorine tin oxide (FTO) were employed as substrates. We document the structural properties of the TiO2 seed layers and describe the relationship between the characteristics of the seed crystals, the growth evolution, and the appearance of as-grown nanorods. Various growth stages of rutile TiO2 nanorods are compared depending on whether they are grown on polycrystalline TiO2 or FTO seed layers. In both cases, a homogenous TiO2 bottom layer is formed at the seed layer/substrate interface, which is essential for electronic applications such as hybrid solar cells. Detached NRAs illustrate the effect of rutile FTO and TiO2 on the porosity of this bottom layer. Further details about the formation process of this layer are obtained from the growth on confined seed layers fabricated by electron-beam lithography.
Keywords
- A1. Crystal morphology, A1. Nanostructures, A1. Nucleation, A2. Hydrothermal crystal growth, A2. Seed crystals, B1. Oxides
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physics and Astronomy(all)
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Chemistry(all)
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Materials Science(all)
- Materials Chemistry
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In: Journal of crystal growth, Vol. 494, 15.07.2018, p. 26-35.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Influence of substrates and rutile seed layers on the assembly of hydrothermally grown rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays
AU - Kalb, Julian
AU - Dorman, James A.
AU - Folger, Alena
AU - Gerigk, Melanie
AU - Knittel, Vanessa
AU - Plüisch, Claudia S.
AU - Trepka, Bastian
AU - Lehr, Daniela
AU - Chua, Emily
AU - Goodge, Berit H.
AU - Wittemann, Alexander
AU - Scheu, Christina
AU - Polarz, Sebastian
AU - Schmidt-Mende, Lukas
N1 - Funding Information: The authors thank Matthias Hagner and Marina Krumova for technical support at the SEM and TEM. We acknowledge the German Research Association (DFG), which supported the studies via the SFB1214. J.K. and L.SM. thank the DFG for the support via the SFB1214/B1 and C.S.P. and A.W. thank the DFG for support via SFB1214/A10 and SFB1214/B4. Appendix A
PY - 2018/7/15
Y1 - 2018/7/15
N2 - Rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays (NRAs) are applicable in various prospective technologies. Hydrothermal methods present a simple technique to fabricate such NRAs. In this report, we present the fabrication of seed layers for the hydrothermal growth of rutile TiO2 nanorods via sputter deposition, electron-beam evaporation, and sol-gel method and study the influence of each on the growth behavior. To satisfy the requirements of numerous applications, p-type silicon, platinum, levitating carbon membranes, a template made of polystyrene spheres, and commercial fluorine tin oxide (FTO) were employed as substrates. We document the structural properties of the TiO2 seed layers and describe the relationship between the characteristics of the seed crystals, the growth evolution, and the appearance of as-grown nanorods. Various growth stages of rutile TiO2 nanorods are compared depending on whether they are grown on polycrystalline TiO2 or FTO seed layers. In both cases, a homogenous TiO2 bottom layer is formed at the seed layer/substrate interface, which is essential for electronic applications such as hybrid solar cells. Detached NRAs illustrate the effect of rutile FTO and TiO2 on the porosity of this bottom layer. Further details about the formation process of this layer are obtained from the growth on confined seed layers fabricated by electron-beam lithography.
AB - Rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays (NRAs) are applicable in various prospective technologies. Hydrothermal methods present a simple technique to fabricate such NRAs. In this report, we present the fabrication of seed layers for the hydrothermal growth of rutile TiO2 nanorods via sputter deposition, electron-beam evaporation, and sol-gel method and study the influence of each on the growth behavior. To satisfy the requirements of numerous applications, p-type silicon, platinum, levitating carbon membranes, a template made of polystyrene spheres, and commercial fluorine tin oxide (FTO) were employed as substrates. We document the structural properties of the TiO2 seed layers and describe the relationship between the characteristics of the seed crystals, the growth evolution, and the appearance of as-grown nanorods. Various growth stages of rutile TiO2 nanorods are compared depending on whether they are grown on polycrystalline TiO2 or FTO seed layers. In both cases, a homogenous TiO2 bottom layer is formed at the seed layer/substrate interface, which is essential for electronic applications such as hybrid solar cells. Detached NRAs illustrate the effect of rutile FTO and TiO2 on the porosity of this bottom layer. Further details about the formation process of this layer are obtained from the growth on confined seed layers fabricated by electron-beam lithography.
KW - A1. Crystal morphology
KW - A1. Nanostructures
KW - A1. Nucleation
KW - A2. Hydrothermal crystal growth
KW - A2. Seed crystals
KW - B1. Oxides
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85046828123&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2018.05.004
DO - 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2018.05.004
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85046828123
VL - 494
SP - 26
EP - 35
JO - Journal of crystal growth
JF - Journal of crystal growth
SN - 0022-0248
ER -