Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 368-374 |
| Number of pages | 7 |
| Journal | Energy Procedia |
| Volume | 38 |
| Early online date | 5 Sept 2013 |
| Publication status | Published - 2013 |
| Event | 3rd International Conference on Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaics, SiliconPV 2013 - Hamelin, Germany Duration: 25 Mar 2013 → 27 Mar 2013 |
Abstract
The majority of screen printed solar cells has silver pads at the rear side to enable soldering for the module manufacturing. The pads increase the recombination at the silicon/metal interface due to the absence of a back surface field (BSF) at the solder pads. This reduces the efficiency of full-area Al-BSF solar cells. For passivated emitter and rear cells (PERC), a large area fraction of the rear side is covered with the passivation layer. When using specially designed Ag pastes for the rear side of PERC cells, the passivation of this layer is maintained, and the rear recombination is reduced. A comparison of solar cells with and without solder pads confirms that there is no loss in solar cell performance, both cell types achieve an efficiency of 19.6%. We investigate the influence of solder pads to PERC solar cells by calculating the effective rear surface recombination. The calculations confirm that there is a loss in open circuit voltage of less than 2 mV due to the solder pads. A 54-cell PERC PV module is manufactured. The cell-to-module loss reveals that the module process is still to be optimized. Comparable modules made from 9 solar cells lost less than 1% relative in all J-V parameters after a 1000h damp-heat test.
Keywords
- Metallisation, PERC, PERC PV module, Solar Cells, Solder Pads
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Energy(all)
- General Energy
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In: Energy Procedia, Vol. 38, 2013, p. 368-374.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Conference article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Influence of Solder Pads to PERC Solar Cells for Module Integration
AU - Kiefer, Fabian
AU - Brendemühl, Till
AU - Berger, Miriam
AU - Lohse, Anja
AU - Kirstein, Sabine
AU - Braun, Nadja
AU - Lehr, Martin
AU - Heinemeyer, Frank
AU - Jung, Verena
AU - Morlier, Arnaud
AU - Blankemeyer, Susanne
AU - Kunze, Iris
AU - Winter, Renate
AU - Harder, Nils Peter
AU - Dullweber, Thorsten
AU - Köntges, Marc
AU - Brendel, Rolf
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - The majority of screen printed solar cells has silver pads at the rear side to enable soldering for the module manufacturing. The pads increase the recombination at the silicon/metal interface due to the absence of a back surface field (BSF) at the solder pads. This reduces the efficiency of full-area Al-BSF solar cells. For passivated emitter and rear cells (PERC), a large area fraction of the rear side is covered with the passivation layer. When using specially designed Ag pastes for the rear side of PERC cells, the passivation of this layer is maintained, and the rear recombination is reduced. A comparison of solar cells with and without solder pads confirms that there is no loss in solar cell performance, both cell types achieve an efficiency of 19.6%. We investigate the influence of solder pads to PERC solar cells by calculating the effective rear surface recombination. The calculations confirm that there is a loss in open circuit voltage of less than 2 mV due to the solder pads. A 54-cell PERC PV module is manufactured. The cell-to-module loss reveals that the module process is still to be optimized. Comparable modules made from 9 solar cells lost less than 1% relative in all J-V parameters after a 1000h damp-heat test.
AB - The majority of screen printed solar cells has silver pads at the rear side to enable soldering for the module manufacturing. The pads increase the recombination at the silicon/metal interface due to the absence of a back surface field (BSF) at the solder pads. This reduces the efficiency of full-area Al-BSF solar cells. For passivated emitter and rear cells (PERC), a large area fraction of the rear side is covered with the passivation layer. When using specially designed Ag pastes for the rear side of PERC cells, the passivation of this layer is maintained, and the rear recombination is reduced. A comparison of solar cells with and without solder pads confirms that there is no loss in solar cell performance, both cell types achieve an efficiency of 19.6%. We investigate the influence of solder pads to PERC solar cells by calculating the effective rear surface recombination. The calculations confirm that there is a loss in open circuit voltage of less than 2 mV due to the solder pads. A 54-cell PERC PV module is manufactured. The cell-to-module loss reveals that the module process is still to be optimized. Comparable modules made from 9 solar cells lost less than 1% relative in all J-V parameters after a 1000h damp-heat test.
KW - Metallisation
KW - PERC
KW - PERC PV module
KW - Solar Cells
KW - Solder Pads
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84898739101&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.egypro.2013.07.291
DO - 10.1016/j.egypro.2013.07.291
M3 - Conference article
AN - SCOPUS:84898739101
VL - 38
SP - 368
EP - 374
JO - Energy Procedia
JF - Energy Procedia
SN - 1876-6102
T2 - 3rd International Conference on Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaics, SiliconPV 2013
Y2 - 25 March 2013 through 27 March 2013
ER -