Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 167-177 |
| Number of pages | 11 |
| Journal | Scientia horticulturae |
| Volume | 241 |
| Early online date | 12 Jul 2018 |
| Publication status | Published - 18 Nov 2018 |
Abstract
Apple replant disease (ARD) occurs when apple or a closely related species are replanted at the same site leading to severe growth reduction and losses in fruit yield and quality. This complex disease phenomenon is a worldwide problem for tree nurseries and apple orchards. Its causes are not fully understood up to now and economically feasible and sustainable countermeasures do not exist. Research studies to unravel the etiology of ARD are in urgent need of sites differing in soil characteristics with a defined, comparable cropping history including appropriate control (healthy) plots. Thus, the first aim of this study was to induce ARD at three different sites with topsoils covering textures from sand, loamy sand to silt loam (Podzols to Luvisols). Grass plots served as controls. After eight years of repeatedly replanting the apple rootstock ‘Bittenfelder’ growth suppression was observed at the ARD plots on all three sites. Because until now no systematic correlation to soil parameters was approached, the second aim was to study the replant severity in the three different soils. Soil properties were investigated at different spatial scales. Significant differences occurred between sites in soil texture, pH, and C and N contents. Within plots, non-invasive soil sensing (EMI, gamma-spectrometry) helped to ensure homogeneous conditions and to exclude unexplained ARD effects due to small-scale soil heterogeneity. Soil from each site was submitted to a bio-test in which growth of in vitro propagated M26 plantlets in untreated and disinfected soil was compared to determine the ARD severity. Soil disinfection by gamma irradiation resulted in a significant increase in M26 shoot biomass, most pronounced in soil from ARD plots. Thus, on all soils, ARD was successfully induced with a negative correlation between ARD intensity and soil clay content, and a positive correlation with C/N ratio.
Keywords
- Apple replant disease, Bio-test, Malus domestica, Non-invasive soil sensing, Soil organic matter, Soil texture
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all)
- Horticulture
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In: Scientia horticulturae, Vol. 241, 18.11.2018, p. 167-177.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Induction and diagnosis of apple replant disease (ARD)
T2 - a matter of heterogeneous soil properties?
AU - Mahnkopp, Felix
AU - Simon, Margaux
AU - Lehndorff, Eva
AU - Pätzold, Stefan
AU - Wrede, Andreas
AU - Winkelmann, Traud
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2018 Elsevier B.V. Copyright: Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/11/18
Y1 - 2018/11/18
N2 - Apple replant disease (ARD) occurs when apple or a closely related species are replanted at the same site leading to severe growth reduction and losses in fruit yield and quality. This complex disease phenomenon is a worldwide problem for tree nurseries and apple orchards. Its causes are not fully understood up to now and economically feasible and sustainable countermeasures do not exist. Research studies to unravel the etiology of ARD are in urgent need of sites differing in soil characteristics with a defined, comparable cropping history including appropriate control (healthy) plots. Thus, the first aim of this study was to induce ARD at three different sites with topsoils covering textures from sand, loamy sand to silt loam (Podzols to Luvisols). Grass plots served as controls. After eight years of repeatedly replanting the apple rootstock ‘Bittenfelder’ growth suppression was observed at the ARD plots on all three sites. Because until now no systematic correlation to soil parameters was approached, the second aim was to study the replant severity in the three different soils. Soil properties were investigated at different spatial scales. Significant differences occurred between sites in soil texture, pH, and C and N contents. Within plots, non-invasive soil sensing (EMI, gamma-spectrometry) helped to ensure homogeneous conditions and to exclude unexplained ARD effects due to small-scale soil heterogeneity. Soil from each site was submitted to a bio-test in which growth of in vitro propagated M26 plantlets in untreated and disinfected soil was compared to determine the ARD severity. Soil disinfection by gamma irradiation resulted in a significant increase in M26 shoot biomass, most pronounced in soil from ARD plots. Thus, on all soils, ARD was successfully induced with a negative correlation between ARD intensity and soil clay content, and a positive correlation with C/N ratio.
AB - Apple replant disease (ARD) occurs when apple or a closely related species are replanted at the same site leading to severe growth reduction and losses in fruit yield and quality. This complex disease phenomenon is a worldwide problem for tree nurseries and apple orchards. Its causes are not fully understood up to now and economically feasible and sustainable countermeasures do not exist. Research studies to unravel the etiology of ARD are in urgent need of sites differing in soil characteristics with a defined, comparable cropping history including appropriate control (healthy) plots. Thus, the first aim of this study was to induce ARD at three different sites with topsoils covering textures from sand, loamy sand to silt loam (Podzols to Luvisols). Grass plots served as controls. After eight years of repeatedly replanting the apple rootstock ‘Bittenfelder’ growth suppression was observed at the ARD plots on all three sites. Because until now no systematic correlation to soil parameters was approached, the second aim was to study the replant severity in the three different soils. Soil properties were investigated at different spatial scales. Significant differences occurred between sites in soil texture, pH, and C and N contents. Within plots, non-invasive soil sensing (EMI, gamma-spectrometry) helped to ensure homogeneous conditions and to exclude unexplained ARD effects due to small-scale soil heterogeneity. Soil from each site was submitted to a bio-test in which growth of in vitro propagated M26 plantlets in untreated and disinfected soil was compared to determine the ARD severity. Soil disinfection by gamma irradiation resulted in a significant increase in M26 shoot biomass, most pronounced in soil from ARD plots. Thus, on all soils, ARD was successfully induced with a negative correlation between ARD intensity and soil clay content, and a positive correlation with C/N ratio.
KW - Apple replant disease
KW - Bio-test
KW - Malus domestica
KW - Non-invasive soil sensing
KW - Soil organic matter
KW - Soil texture
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85049830919&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scienta.2018.06.076
DO - 10.1016/j.scienta.2018.06.076
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85049830919
VL - 241
SP - 167
EP - 177
JO - Scientia horticulturae
JF - Scientia horticulturae
SN - 0304-4238
ER -