Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1709-1729 |
| Number of pages | 21 |
| Journal | Estuaries and coasts |
| Volume | 42 |
| Issue number | 7 |
| Early online date | 8 Apr 2019 |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Nov 2019 |
Abstract
Over recent years, many coastal engineering projects have employed the use of soft solutions as these are generally less environmentally damaging than hard solutions. However, in some cases, local conditions hinder the use of soft solutions, meaning that hard solutions have to be adopted or, sometimes, a combination of hard and soft measures is seen as optimal. This research reviews the use of hard coastal structures on the foreshore (groynes, breakwaters and jetties) and onshore (seawalls and dikes). The purpose, functioning and local conditions for which these structures are most suitable are outlined. A description is provided on the negative effects that these structures may have on morphological, hydrodynamic and ecological conditions. To reduce or mitigate these negative impacts, or to create new ecosystem services, the following nature-based adaptations are proposed and discussed: (1) applying soft solutions complementary to hard solutions, (2) mitigating morphological and hydrodynamic changes and (3) ecologically enhancing hard coastal structures. The selection and also the success of these potential adaptations are highly dependent on local conditions, such as hydrodynamic forcing, spatial requirements and socioeconomic factors. The overview provided in this paper aims to offer an interdisciplinary understanding, by giving general guidance on which type of solution is suitable for given characteristics, taking into consideration all aspects that are key for environmentally sensitive coastal designs. Overall, this study aims to provide guidance at the interdisciplinary design stage of nature-based coastal defence structures.
Keywords
- Building with nature, Coastal structures, Ecosystem engineering, Ecosystem services, Environment-friendly engineering, Green infrastructure, Nature-based solutions
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all)
- Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
- Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all)
- Aquatic Science
- Environmental Science(all)
- Ecology
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In: Estuaries and coasts, Vol. 42, No. 7, 01.11.2019, p. 1709-1729.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Hard Structures for Coastal Protection, Towards Greener Designs
AU - Schoonees, Talia
AU - Gijón Mancheño, A.
AU - Scheres, B.
AU - Bouma, T.J.
AU - Silva, R.
AU - Schlurmann, Torsten
AU - Schüttrumpf, H.
N1 - Funding Information: The authors would like to express their gratitude to DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) and Exceed Swindon (International Network on Sustainable Water Management in Developing Countries) for funding the Integrating Ecosystems in Coastal Engineering Practice (INECEP) Summer School.
PY - 2019/11/1
Y1 - 2019/11/1
N2 - Over recent years, many coastal engineering projects have employed the use of soft solutions as these are generally less environmentally damaging than hard solutions. However, in some cases, local conditions hinder the use of soft solutions, meaning that hard solutions have to be adopted or, sometimes, a combination of hard and soft measures is seen as optimal. This research reviews the use of hard coastal structures on the foreshore (groynes, breakwaters and jetties) and onshore (seawalls and dikes). The purpose, functioning and local conditions for which these structures are most suitable are outlined. A description is provided on the negative effects that these structures may have on morphological, hydrodynamic and ecological conditions. To reduce or mitigate these negative impacts, or to create new ecosystem services, the following nature-based adaptations are proposed and discussed: (1) applying soft solutions complementary to hard solutions, (2) mitigating morphological and hydrodynamic changes and (3) ecologically enhancing hard coastal structures. The selection and also the success of these potential adaptations are highly dependent on local conditions, such as hydrodynamic forcing, spatial requirements and socioeconomic factors. The overview provided in this paper aims to offer an interdisciplinary understanding, by giving general guidance on which type of solution is suitable for given characteristics, taking into consideration all aspects that are key for environmentally sensitive coastal designs. Overall, this study aims to provide guidance at the interdisciplinary design stage of nature-based coastal defence structures.
AB - Over recent years, many coastal engineering projects have employed the use of soft solutions as these are generally less environmentally damaging than hard solutions. However, in some cases, local conditions hinder the use of soft solutions, meaning that hard solutions have to be adopted or, sometimes, a combination of hard and soft measures is seen as optimal. This research reviews the use of hard coastal structures on the foreshore (groynes, breakwaters and jetties) and onshore (seawalls and dikes). The purpose, functioning and local conditions for which these structures are most suitable are outlined. A description is provided on the negative effects that these structures may have on morphological, hydrodynamic and ecological conditions. To reduce or mitigate these negative impacts, or to create new ecosystem services, the following nature-based adaptations are proposed and discussed: (1) applying soft solutions complementary to hard solutions, (2) mitigating morphological and hydrodynamic changes and (3) ecologically enhancing hard coastal structures. The selection and also the success of these potential adaptations are highly dependent on local conditions, such as hydrodynamic forcing, spatial requirements and socioeconomic factors. The overview provided in this paper aims to offer an interdisciplinary understanding, by giving general guidance on which type of solution is suitable for given characteristics, taking into consideration all aspects that are key for environmentally sensitive coastal designs. Overall, this study aims to provide guidance at the interdisciplinary design stage of nature-based coastal defence structures.
KW - Building with nature
KW - Coastal structures
KW - Ecosystem engineering
KW - Ecosystem services
KW - Environment-friendly engineering
KW - Green infrastructure
KW - Nature-based solutions
KW - coastal engineering
KW - coastal protection
KW - design method
KW - ecosystem service
KW - geomorphology
KW - hydrodynamics
KW - infrastructure planning
KW - nature-society relations
KW - research work
KW - Building with nature
KW - Coastal structures
KW - Ecosystem engineering
KW - Ecosystem services
KW - Environment-friendly engineering
KW - Green infrastructure
KW - Nature-based solutions
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85064444400&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s12237-019-00551-z
DO - 10.1007/s12237-019-00551-z
M3 - Article
VL - 42
SP - 1709
EP - 1729
JO - Estuaries and coasts
JF - Estuaries and coasts
SN - 1559-2723
IS - 7
ER -