TY - JOUR

T1 - Gender attitudes in the Arab region – The role of framing and priming effects

AU - Reitmann, Ann Kristin

AU - Goedhuys, Micheline

AU - Grimm, Michael

AU - Nillesen, Eleonora E.M.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by funds from the International Labour Organisation (ILO) in Geneva, Switzerland (TAQEEM Initiative). The ILO had no involvement in the preparation of this article; the findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the view of the ILO. Funding Information: We thank the associate editor, C?zilia Loibl, as well as two anonymous referees for their very helpful suggestions. We would also like to thank seminar participants at the University of Passau, UNU-MERIT (Maastricht), OECD Paris and the EUDN doctoral workshop (Leuven) for valuable comments and suggestions. The authors also thank Samy Kallel, Director General of BJKA Consulting, and his team for the professional implementation of the survey. This work was supported by funds from the International Labour Organisation (ILO) in Geneva, Switzerland (TAQEEM Initiative). The ILO had no involvement in the preparation of this article; the findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the view of the ILO. None. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Authors

PY - 2020/10

Y1 - 2020/10

N2 - Most evidence on survey response effects is based in the Western world. We use data from two randomized experiments built into a nation-wide representative household survey in Tunisia to analyze the effects of framing and priming on responses to gender attitudes in the Arab context. Our first experiment shows that questions on attitudes towards decision-making power when framed in an equality frame reduce responses in favor of gender inequality. In our second experiment we find that responses to attitudes towards domestic violence are susceptible to an audio primer. Oral statistical information about the incidence of domestic violence in Tunisia increases disapproval of domestic violence among the male subsample further, but does not affect women. In terms of impact heterogeneity, we find mixed results for treatment interventions interacting with the gender of the interviewer and the interviewer's perceived religiosity.

AB - Most evidence on survey response effects is based in the Western world. We use data from two randomized experiments built into a nation-wide representative household survey in Tunisia to analyze the effects of framing and priming on responses to gender attitudes in the Arab context. Our first experiment shows that questions on attitudes towards decision-making power when framed in an equality frame reduce responses in favor of gender inequality. In our second experiment we find that responses to attitudes towards domestic violence are susceptible to an audio primer. Oral statistical information about the incidence of domestic violence in Tunisia increases disapproval of domestic violence among the male subsample further, but does not affect women. In terms of impact heterogeneity, we find mixed results for treatment interventions interacting with the gender of the interviewer and the interviewer's perceived religiosity.

KW - 2229

KW - 2260

KW - 2970

KW - Framing

KW - Gender attitudes

KW - Interviewer effects

KW - MENA region

KW - Priming

KW - Survey experiment

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85090236723&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.joep.2020.102288

DO - 10.1016/j.joep.2020.102288

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85090236723

VL - 80

JO - Journal of Economic Psychology

JF - Journal of Economic Psychology

SN - 0167-4870

M1 - 102288

ER -