Fully bonded iron-based shape memory alloy for retrofitting large-scale bridge girders: Thermal and mechanical behavior

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External Research Organisations

  • Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology (EMPA)
  • Tongji University
  • Nanyang Technological University (NTU)
  • re-fer AG
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Details

Original languageEnglish
Article number106710
JournalStructures
Volume65
Early online date14 Jun 2024
Publication statusPublished - Jul 2024

Abstract

This study presents a prestressed retrofitting solution for addressing fatigue issues in large-scale steel girders, employing iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) strips and adhesive bonding. A comprehensive study encompassing design, experimental tests, and numerical analysis is conducted to develop and validate the proposed solution. A 4200×100×1.5 mm Fe-SMA strip is fully bonded along its entire surface using a two-component epoxy adhesive to a 5300 mm span steel girder. An activation strategy to prestress the Fe-SMA strip is formulated based on a series of finite element (FE) analyses, entailing successive block-by-block heating using a gas torch. Experimental and numerical studies illuminate the full-range thermal and mechanical behavior of the retrofitted girder throughout the activation process. A FE heat transfer analysis with experimental validation reveals the temperature developments and distributions during activation, highlighting a 160 ℃/mm temperature gradient along the adhesive thickness and longitudinal distributions with localized high temperatures. The mechanical behavior during activation, encompassing the effects of thermal expansion, Fe-SMA prestress, and adhesive softening and re-hardening, is interpreted based on experimental and numerical results, showing the evolutions and distributions of deflections, strains, and Fe-SMA prestresses. Static tests and a high-cycle fatigue test up to 3 million load cycles demonstrate the effectiveness and structural integrity of the proposed retrofitting solution.

Keywords

    Epoxy adhesive bonding, Fe-SMA, Heat transfer analysis, Memory-steel, Prestress, Repair, Steel structure, Strengthening

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Cite this

Fully bonded iron-based shape memory alloy for retrofitting large-scale bridge girders: Thermal and mechanical behavior. / Wang, Sizhe; Su, Qingtian; Jiang, Xu et al.
In: Structures, Vol. 65, 106710, 07.2024.

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer review

Wang S, Su Q, Jiang X, Michels J, Ghafoori E. Fully bonded iron-based shape memory alloy for retrofitting large-scale bridge girders: Thermal and mechanical behavior. Structures. 2024 Jul;65:106710. Epub 2024 Jun 14. doi: 10.1016/j.istruc.2024.106710
Wang, Sizhe ; Su, Qingtian ; Jiang, Xu et al. / Fully bonded iron-based shape memory alloy for retrofitting large-scale bridge girders : Thermal and mechanical behavior. In: Structures. 2024 ; Vol. 65.
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abstract = "This study presents a prestressed retrofitting solution for addressing fatigue issues in large-scale steel girders, employing iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) strips and adhesive bonding. A comprehensive study encompassing design, experimental tests, and numerical analysis is conducted to develop and validate the proposed solution. A 4200×100×1.5 mm Fe-SMA strip is fully bonded along its entire surface using a two-component epoxy adhesive to a 5300 mm span steel girder. An activation strategy to prestress the Fe-SMA strip is formulated based on a series of finite element (FE) analyses, entailing successive block-by-block heating using a gas torch. Experimental and numerical studies illuminate the full-range thermal and mechanical behavior of the retrofitted girder throughout the activation process. A FE heat transfer analysis with experimental validation reveals the temperature developments and distributions during activation, highlighting a 160 ℃/mm temperature gradient along the adhesive thickness and longitudinal distributions with localized high temperatures. The mechanical behavior during activation, encompassing the effects of thermal expansion, Fe-SMA prestress, and adhesive softening and re-hardening, is interpreted based on experimental and numerical results, showing the evolutions and distributions of deflections, strains, and Fe-SMA prestresses. Static tests and a high-cycle fatigue test up to 3 million load cycles demonstrate the effectiveness and structural integrity of the proposed retrofitting solution.",
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AU - Wang, Sizhe

AU - Su, Qingtian

AU - Jiang, Xu

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AU - Ghafoori, Elyas

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors

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