Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1599-1699 |
| Number of pages | 101 |
| Journal | Genome Biology and Evolution |
| Volume | 9 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| Publication status | Published - 14 Jun 2017 |
Abstract
Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) are secreted by plant-pathogenic Xanthomonas bacteria into plant cells where they act as transcriptional activators and, hence, aremajor drivers in reprogramming the plant for the benefit of the pathogen. TALEs possess ahighly repetitive DNA-bindingdomain of typically 34 amino acid(AA) tandemrepeats, where AA12 and 13, termed repeat variable di-residue (RVD), determine target specificity. Different Xanthomonas strains possess different repertoires of TALEs. Here, we study the evolution of TALEs from the level of RVDs determining target specificity down to the level of DNA sequence with focus on ricepathogenic Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) strains. We observe that codon pairs coding for individual RVDs are conserved to a similar degree as the flanking repeat sequence. Wefind strong indications that TALEs may evolve 1) by base substitutions in codon pairs coding for RVDs, 2) by recombination of N-terminal or C-terminal regions of existing TALEs, or 3) by deletion of individual TALE repeats, and we propose possible mechanisms. We find indications that the reassortment of TALE genes in clusters ismediated by an integron-like mechanismin Xoc. We finally study the effect of the presence/ absence and evolutionary modifications of TALEs on transcriptional activation of putative target genes in rice, and find that even single RVD swaps may lead to considerable differences in activation. This correlation allowed a refined prediction of TALE targets, which is the crucial step to decipher their virulence activity.
Keywords
- Evolution of TALEs, Evolutionary mechanisms, Plant-pathogen interaction, Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs), Transcriptional response, Xanthomonas
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all)
- Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
- Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
- Genetics
Cite this
- Standard
- Harvard
- Apa
- Vancouver
- BibTeX
- RIS
In: Genome Biology and Evolution, Vol. 9, No. 6, 14.06.2017, p. 1599-1699.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Evolution of transcription activator-like effectors in Xanthomonas oryzae
AU - Erkes, Annett
AU - Reschke, Maik
AU - Boch, Jens
AU - Grau, Jan
N1 - Funding information: We thank Stefan Posch and Cornelius Schmidtke for valuable discussions. This work was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (BO 1496/8-1 to J.B. and GR 4587/1-1 to J.G.) and by the COST action FA1208 “SUSTAIN”.
PY - 2017/6/14
Y1 - 2017/6/14
N2 - Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) are secreted by plant-pathogenic Xanthomonas bacteria into plant cells where they act as transcriptional activators and, hence, aremajor drivers in reprogramming the plant for the benefit of the pathogen. TALEs possess ahighly repetitive DNA-bindingdomain of typically 34 amino acid(AA) tandemrepeats, where AA12 and 13, termed repeat variable di-residue (RVD), determine target specificity. Different Xanthomonas strains possess different repertoires of TALEs. Here, we study the evolution of TALEs from the level of RVDs determining target specificity down to the level of DNA sequence with focus on ricepathogenic Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) strains. We observe that codon pairs coding for individual RVDs are conserved to a similar degree as the flanking repeat sequence. Wefind strong indications that TALEs may evolve 1) by base substitutions in codon pairs coding for RVDs, 2) by recombination of N-terminal or C-terminal regions of existing TALEs, or 3) by deletion of individual TALE repeats, and we propose possible mechanisms. We find indications that the reassortment of TALE genes in clusters ismediated by an integron-like mechanismin Xoc. We finally study the effect of the presence/ absence and evolutionary modifications of TALEs on transcriptional activation of putative target genes in rice, and find that even single RVD swaps may lead to considerable differences in activation. This correlation allowed a refined prediction of TALE targets, which is the crucial step to decipher their virulence activity.
AB - Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) are secreted by plant-pathogenic Xanthomonas bacteria into plant cells where they act as transcriptional activators and, hence, aremajor drivers in reprogramming the plant for the benefit of the pathogen. TALEs possess ahighly repetitive DNA-bindingdomain of typically 34 amino acid(AA) tandemrepeats, where AA12 and 13, termed repeat variable di-residue (RVD), determine target specificity. Different Xanthomonas strains possess different repertoires of TALEs. Here, we study the evolution of TALEs from the level of RVDs determining target specificity down to the level of DNA sequence with focus on ricepathogenic Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) strains. We observe that codon pairs coding for individual RVDs are conserved to a similar degree as the flanking repeat sequence. Wefind strong indications that TALEs may evolve 1) by base substitutions in codon pairs coding for RVDs, 2) by recombination of N-terminal or C-terminal regions of existing TALEs, or 3) by deletion of individual TALE repeats, and we propose possible mechanisms. We find indications that the reassortment of TALE genes in clusters ismediated by an integron-like mechanismin Xoc. We finally study the effect of the presence/ absence and evolutionary modifications of TALEs on transcriptional activation of putative target genes in rice, and find that even single RVD swaps may lead to considerable differences in activation. This correlation allowed a refined prediction of TALE targets, which is the crucial step to decipher their virulence activity.
KW - Evolution of TALEs
KW - Evolutionary mechanisms
KW - Plant-pathogen interaction
KW - Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs)
KW - Transcriptional response
KW - Xanthomonas
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85042492898&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/gbe/evx108
DO - 10.1093/gbe/evx108
M3 - Article
C2 - 28637323
AN - SCOPUS:85042492898
VL - 9
SP - 1599
EP - 1699
JO - Genome Biology and Evolution
JF - Genome Biology and Evolution
SN - 1759-6653
IS - 6
ER -