Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 1122285 |
| Journal | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| Volume | 14 |
| Publication status | Published - 6 Apr 2023 |
Abstract
Introduction: Plants release a large variety of metabolites via their roots to shape physico-chemical soil properties and biological processes in the rhizosphere. While hydroponic growth conditions facilitate accessibility of the root system and recovery of root exudates, the natural soil environment can alter root metabolism and exudate secretion, raising the question to what extent the quantity and composition of root exudates released in hydroponic growth systems reflect those recovered from soil-grown roots. Methods: Using a root washing method, we sampled root exudates from four field-grown cover crop species with wide taxonomic distance, namely white mustard, lacy phacelia, bristle oat, and Egyptian clover. A set of primary metabolites and secondary metabolites were analysed in a targeted and untargeted LC-MS-based approach, respectively, for comparison with exudates obtained from hydroponically cultured plants. Results and discussion: We found that hydroponically cultivated plants released a larger amount of total carbon, but that the recovery of total carbon was not indicative for the diversity of metabolites in root exudates. In the field, root exudates from phacelia and clover contained 2.4 to 3.8 times more secondary metabolites, whereas carbon exudation in hydroponics was 5- to 4-fold higher. The composition of the set of metabolites identified using the untargeted approach was much more distinct among all species and growth conditions than that of quantified primary metabolites. Among secondary metabolite classes, the presence of lipids and lipid-like molecules was highly indicative for field samples, while the release of a large amount of phenylpropanoids, organoheterocyclic compounds or benzenoids was characteristic for clover, mustard or oat, respectively, irrespective of the cultivation condition. However, at the compound level the bulk of released metabolites was specific for cultivation conditions in every species, which implies that hydroponically sampled root exudates poorly reflect the metabolic complexity of root exudates recovered from field-grown plants.
Keywords
- cover crops, hydroponics, primary metabolites, Root exudates, root washing, secondary metabolites, untargeted metabolite profile
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all)
- Plant Science
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In: Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 14, 1122285, 06.04.2023.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Distinct metabolite classes in root exudates are indicative for field- or hydroponically-grown cover crops
AU - Heuermann, Diana
AU - Döll, Stefanie
AU - Schweneker, Dörte
AU - Feuerstein, Ulf
AU - Gentsch, Norman
AU - von Wirén, Nicolaus
N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [grant number 031A559 - CATCHY]. Costs for open access publishing were partially funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [DFG, German Research Foundation, grant number 491250510].
PY - 2023/4/6
Y1 - 2023/4/6
N2 - Introduction: Plants release a large variety of metabolites via their roots to shape physico-chemical soil properties and biological processes in the rhizosphere. While hydroponic growth conditions facilitate accessibility of the root system and recovery of root exudates, the natural soil environment can alter root metabolism and exudate secretion, raising the question to what extent the quantity and composition of root exudates released in hydroponic growth systems reflect those recovered from soil-grown roots. Methods: Using a root washing method, we sampled root exudates from four field-grown cover crop species with wide taxonomic distance, namely white mustard, lacy phacelia, bristle oat, and Egyptian clover. A set of primary metabolites and secondary metabolites were analysed in a targeted and untargeted LC-MS-based approach, respectively, for comparison with exudates obtained from hydroponically cultured plants. Results and discussion: We found that hydroponically cultivated plants released a larger amount of total carbon, but that the recovery of total carbon was not indicative for the diversity of metabolites in root exudates. In the field, root exudates from phacelia and clover contained 2.4 to 3.8 times more secondary metabolites, whereas carbon exudation in hydroponics was 5- to 4-fold higher. The composition of the set of metabolites identified using the untargeted approach was much more distinct among all species and growth conditions than that of quantified primary metabolites. Among secondary metabolite classes, the presence of lipids and lipid-like molecules was highly indicative for field samples, while the release of a large amount of phenylpropanoids, organoheterocyclic compounds or benzenoids was characteristic for clover, mustard or oat, respectively, irrespective of the cultivation condition. However, at the compound level the bulk of released metabolites was specific for cultivation conditions in every species, which implies that hydroponically sampled root exudates poorly reflect the metabolic complexity of root exudates recovered from field-grown plants.
AB - Introduction: Plants release a large variety of metabolites via their roots to shape physico-chemical soil properties and biological processes in the rhizosphere. While hydroponic growth conditions facilitate accessibility of the root system and recovery of root exudates, the natural soil environment can alter root metabolism and exudate secretion, raising the question to what extent the quantity and composition of root exudates released in hydroponic growth systems reflect those recovered from soil-grown roots. Methods: Using a root washing method, we sampled root exudates from four field-grown cover crop species with wide taxonomic distance, namely white mustard, lacy phacelia, bristle oat, and Egyptian clover. A set of primary metabolites and secondary metabolites were analysed in a targeted and untargeted LC-MS-based approach, respectively, for comparison with exudates obtained from hydroponically cultured plants. Results and discussion: We found that hydroponically cultivated plants released a larger amount of total carbon, but that the recovery of total carbon was not indicative for the diversity of metabolites in root exudates. In the field, root exudates from phacelia and clover contained 2.4 to 3.8 times more secondary metabolites, whereas carbon exudation in hydroponics was 5- to 4-fold higher. The composition of the set of metabolites identified using the untargeted approach was much more distinct among all species and growth conditions than that of quantified primary metabolites. Among secondary metabolite classes, the presence of lipids and lipid-like molecules was highly indicative for field samples, while the release of a large amount of phenylpropanoids, organoheterocyclic compounds or benzenoids was characteristic for clover, mustard or oat, respectively, irrespective of the cultivation condition. However, at the compound level the bulk of released metabolites was specific for cultivation conditions in every species, which implies that hydroponically sampled root exudates poorly reflect the metabolic complexity of root exudates recovered from field-grown plants.
KW - cover crops
KW - hydroponics
KW - primary metabolites
KW - Root exudates
KW - root washing
KW - secondary metabolites
KW - untargeted metabolite profile
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85153770410&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fpls.2023.1122285
DO - 10.3389/fpls.2023.1122285
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85153770410
VL - 14
JO - Frontiers in Plant Science
JF - Frontiers in Plant Science
SN - 1664-462X
M1 - 1122285
ER -