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Development of Material Sensors Made of Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel for Load Monitoring

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  • Clausthal University of Technology

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Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)13570-13582
Number of pages13
JournalJournal of Materials Engineering and Performance
Volume33
Issue number23
Early online date3 Sept 2024
Publication statusPublished - Dec 2024

Abstract

Metastable stainless steels can be used as a load-sensitive sensor. In combination with an eddy current testing system, mechanical overloads of a component can be detected directly during operation. Material sensors were prepared by shot peening fatigue specimen of metastable austenitic steel to obtain a martensitic surface layer and a local heating by a laser beam to obtain an austenitic area in the layer. In order to investigate the response of the material sensor to overload and achieve different trigger thresholds, the thermal energy applied to create the sensor material and the geometry of the material sensors were varied. It is shown that the austenitized volume and the martensite fraction in the material sensor correlate with the phase of the eddy current signals. Starting from the martensitic surface layer, the phase decreases as the austenitized volume increases. If martensite formation takes place due to an overload, the phase increases as a result. To determine the threshold stress needed to trigger the material sensor, cyclic rotating bending tests were carried out on austenitic stainless steel 1.4301 (AISI 304). In step tests, the bending stress was gradually increased and subsequently ex-situ eddy current testing was carried out. The potential for predicting and classifying an overload is significantly greater with a higher applied thermal energy. Three different sensor geometries (rhombus, cross and ring) were employed in tests. In comparison, the rhombus-shaped material sensor provided the greatest potential for load history interpretation due to the significant phase change.

Keywords

    austenitic stainless steel, electromagnetic testing, fatigue, material sensor, non-destructive testing, overload monitoring

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Cite this

Development of Material Sensors Made of Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel for Load Monitoring. / Gansel, René; Heinrich, Christian; Lohrengel, Armin et al.
In: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 33, No. 23, 12.2024, p. 13570-13582.

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer review

Gansel R, Heinrich C, Lohrengel A, Maier HJ, Barton S. Development of Material Sensors Made of Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel for Load Monitoring. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 2024 Dec;33(23):13570-13582. Epub 2024 Sept 3. doi: 10.1007/s11665-024-09910-9
Gansel, René ; Heinrich, Christian ; Lohrengel, Armin et al. / Development of Material Sensors Made of Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel for Load Monitoring. In: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 2024 ; Vol. 33, No. 23. pp. 13570-13582.
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AU - Gansel, René

AU - Heinrich, Christian

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AU - Maier, Hans Jürgen

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