Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 8726 |
| Journal | Nature Communications |
| Volume | 15 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| Publication status | Published - 9 Oct 2024 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Abstract
Keywords
- cond-mat.mes-hall, cond-mat.supr-con, quant-ph
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physics and Astronomy(all)
- General Physics and Astronomy
- Chemistry(all)
- General Chemistry
- Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
- General Biochemistry,Genetics and Molecular Biology
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In: Nature Communications, Vol. 15, No. 1, 8726, 09.10.2024.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Demonstration of dual Shapiro steps in small Josephson junctions
AU - Kaap, Fabian
AU - Kissling, Christoph
AU - Gaydamachenko, Victor
AU - Grünhaupt, Lukas
AU - Lotkhov, Sergey
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.
PY - 2024/10/9
Y1 - 2024/10/9
N2 - Bloch oscillations in small Josephson junctions were predicted theoretically as the quantum dual to Josephson oscillations. A significant consequence of this prediction is the emergence of quantized current steps, so-called dual Shapiro steps, when synchronizing Bloch oscillations to an external microwave signal. These steps potentially enable a fundamental standard of current $I$, defined via the frequency $f$ of the external signal and the elementary charge $e$, $I=\pm n \times 2ef$, where $n$ is a natural number. Here, we realize this fundamental relation by synchronizing the Bloch oscillations in small Al/AlO$_\mathrm{x}$/Al Josephson junctions to sinusoidal drives with frequencies varying from $1$ to $6\:\mathrm{GHz}$ and observe dual Shapiro steps up to $I\approx 3 \: \mathrm{nA}$. Inspired by today's voltage standards and to further confirm the duality relation, we investigate a pulsed drive regime, which is dual to the single flux quantum mode of Josephson oscillations, and observe a similar asymmetric pattern of dual Shapiro steps. This work confirms quantum duality effects in Josephson junctions and paves the way towards a range of applications in quantum metrology based on well-established fabrication techniques and straightforward circuit design.
AB - Bloch oscillations in small Josephson junctions were predicted theoretically as the quantum dual to Josephson oscillations. A significant consequence of this prediction is the emergence of quantized current steps, so-called dual Shapiro steps, when synchronizing Bloch oscillations to an external microwave signal. These steps potentially enable a fundamental standard of current $I$, defined via the frequency $f$ of the external signal and the elementary charge $e$, $I=\pm n \times 2ef$, where $n$ is a natural number. Here, we realize this fundamental relation by synchronizing the Bloch oscillations in small Al/AlO$_\mathrm{x}$/Al Josephson junctions to sinusoidal drives with frequencies varying from $1$ to $6\:\mathrm{GHz}$ and observe dual Shapiro steps up to $I\approx 3 \: \mathrm{nA}$. Inspired by today's voltage standards and to further confirm the duality relation, we investigate a pulsed drive regime, which is dual to the single flux quantum mode of Josephson oscillations, and observe a similar asymmetric pattern of dual Shapiro steps. This work confirms quantum duality effects in Josephson junctions and paves the way towards a range of applications in quantum metrology based on well-established fabrication techniques and straightforward circuit design.
KW - cond-mat.mes-hall
KW - cond-mat.supr-con
KW - quant-ph
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85206065782&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41467-024-53011-z
DO - 10.1038/s41467-024-53011-z
M3 - Article
VL - 15
JO - Nature Communications
JF - Nature Communications
SN - 2041-1723
IS - 1
M1 - 8726
ER -