Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 214-225 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | GEODERMA |
| Volume | 284 |
| Publication status | Published - 15 Dec 2016 |
Abstract
Crop-residue burning and frequent paddy-soil flooding can lead to a substantial accumulation of black carbon (BC), thus contributing to long-term C sequestration. There is evidence that the turnover of BC in soils also depends on the soil mineral assembly. We studied the effects of paddy and non-paddy soil management and different major reference soil groups on BC storage. We hypothesized that overall BC storage in soil relates to paddy management and the abundance of reactive mineral phases such as Fe and Al oxides, and clay-sized minerals. Parallel to BC, black nitrogen (BN) should accumulate in soil. Paddy and non-paddy soils were sampled in three different climate zones (tropical, subtropical, and temperate). The soil profiles comprised six replicates of Andosols, Alisols and Vertisols from Java (Indonesia), and Alisols and Cambisols from China, as well as one Fluvisol and Gleysol from Northern Italy. Samples were taken by horizon down to > 1 m depth and analyzed for soil organic carbon (SOC) and BC. The latter was analyzed by oxidation to benzene polycarboxylic acids. Abundance of BN (as aromatic N) was estimated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyses of selected topsoil horizons. In topsoils BC vs. SOC accumulation was affected by management for Andosol, Alisols in China, and Vertisols. However, both flooding and crop-residue management seemed to control this. BC contents relative to SOC also differed between the reference soil groups, independent of management (p < 0.0001), yet were surprisingly constant within replicates. We conclude that BC co-accumulated with SOC in all soils. However, the overall storage of BC (1 m depth) was affected by a combination of soil group and management. Vertisols contained the largest BC stocks (17–19 t ha− 1 in non-paddy and paddy fields), followed by Andosols and Alisols (6–10 t BC ha− 1 under paddy management; 3–8 t ha− 1 under non-paddy management). The Gleysol and Fluvisol had the smallest BC stocks, independent of soil use (3–4 t ha− 1). Aromatic N proportions increased to > 50% of total N after combustion of rice straw. However, aromatic N was barely, or not detectable in soil, and there was no correlation to BC. We conclude that burned crop residues were not a major source for aromatic N in soil. BC and aromatic N showed no distinct relations to soil properties, such as the abundance of clay-sized minerals, and Al and Fe oxides. Differences in BC stocks between the soils were most pronounced in the subsoils, likely caused by physical processes, such as swelling and shrinking of clays and/or translocation by leaching. Climate and regional soil-adjusted management also affected BC accumulation, but this first snapshot indicates that global BC maps may be linked to global soil maps.
Keywords
- Aluminum oxides, Black carbon, Black nitrogen, C sequestration, Clay-size fraction, Iron oxides
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all)
- Soil Science
Sustainable Development Goals
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In: GEODERMA, Vol. 284, 15.12.2016, p. 214-225.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Black carbon and black nitrogen storage under long-term paddy and non-paddy management in major reference soil groups
AU - Lehndorff, E.
AU - Houtermans, M.
AU - Winkler, P.
AU - Kaiser, K.
AU - Kölbl, A.
AU - Romani, M.
AU - Said-Pullicino, D.
AU - Utami, S. R.
AU - Zhang, G. L.
AU - Cao, Z. H.
AU - Mikutta, R.
AU - Guggenberger, G.
AU - Amelung, W.
N1 - Funding information: We kindly acknowledge Peter Schad for the description of the soil profiles (Indonesia, China, and Italy), Think Soil for allocating sampling sites and interviewing local farmers, and the German Research Council (DFG) for financial support of this project (Am134/11-1) in the frame of the research unit 995 “Biogeochemistry of paddy soil evolution.” Three anonymous reviewers are thanked for their advice.
PY - 2016/12/15
Y1 - 2016/12/15
N2 - Crop-residue burning and frequent paddy-soil flooding can lead to a substantial accumulation of black carbon (BC), thus contributing to long-term C sequestration. There is evidence that the turnover of BC in soils also depends on the soil mineral assembly. We studied the effects of paddy and non-paddy soil management and different major reference soil groups on BC storage. We hypothesized that overall BC storage in soil relates to paddy management and the abundance of reactive mineral phases such as Fe and Al oxides, and clay-sized minerals. Parallel to BC, black nitrogen (BN) should accumulate in soil. Paddy and non-paddy soils were sampled in three different climate zones (tropical, subtropical, and temperate). The soil profiles comprised six replicates of Andosols, Alisols and Vertisols from Java (Indonesia), and Alisols and Cambisols from China, as well as one Fluvisol and Gleysol from Northern Italy. Samples were taken by horizon down to > 1 m depth and analyzed for soil organic carbon (SOC) and BC. The latter was analyzed by oxidation to benzene polycarboxylic acids. Abundance of BN (as aromatic N) was estimated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyses of selected topsoil horizons. In topsoils BC vs. SOC accumulation was affected by management for Andosol, Alisols in China, and Vertisols. However, both flooding and crop-residue management seemed to control this. BC contents relative to SOC also differed between the reference soil groups, independent of management (p < 0.0001), yet were surprisingly constant within replicates. We conclude that BC co-accumulated with SOC in all soils. However, the overall storage of BC (1 m depth) was affected by a combination of soil group and management. Vertisols contained the largest BC stocks (17–19 t ha− 1 in non-paddy and paddy fields), followed by Andosols and Alisols (6–10 t BC ha− 1 under paddy management; 3–8 t ha− 1 under non-paddy management). The Gleysol and Fluvisol had the smallest BC stocks, independent of soil use (3–4 t ha− 1). Aromatic N proportions increased to > 50% of total N after combustion of rice straw. However, aromatic N was barely, or not detectable in soil, and there was no correlation to BC. We conclude that burned crop residues were not a major source for aromatic N in soil. BC and aromatic N showed no distinct relations to soil properties, such as the abundance of clay-sized minerals, and Al and Fe oxides. Differences in BC stocks between the soils were most pronounced in the subsoils, likely caused by physical processes, such as swelling and shrinking of clays and/or translocation by leaching. Climate and regional soil-adjusted management also affected BC accumulation, but this first snapshot indicates that global BC maps may be linked to global soil maps.
AB - Crop-residue burning and frequent paddy-soil flooding can lead to a substantial accumulation of black carbon (BC), thus contributing to long-term C sequestration. There is evidence that the turnover of BC in soils also depends on the soil mineral assembly. We studied the effects of paddy and non-paddy soil management and different major reference soil groups on BC storage. We hypothesized that overall BC storage in soil relates to paddy management and the abundance of reactive mineral phases such as Fe and Al oxides, and clay-sized minerals. Parallel to BC, black nitrogen (BN) should accumulate in soil. Paddy and non-paddy soils were sampled in three different climate zones (tropical, subtropical, and temperate). The soil profiles comprised six replicates of Andosols, Alisols and Vertisols from Java (Indonesia), and Alisols and Cambisols from China, as well as one Fluvisol and Gleysol from Northern Italy. Samples were taken by horizon down to > 1 m depth and analyzed for soil organic carbon (SOC) and BC. The latter was analyzed by oxidation to benzene polycarboxylic acids. Abundance of BN (as aromatic N) was estimated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyses of selected topsoil horizons. In topsoils BC vs. SOC accumulation was affected by management for Andosol, Alisols in China, and Vertisols. However, both flooding and crop-residue management seemed to control this. BC contents relative to SOC also differed between the reference soil groups, independent of management (p < 0.0001), yet were surprisingly constant within replicates. We conclude that BC co-accumulated with SOC in all soils. However, the overall storage of BC (1 m depth) was affected by a combination of soil group and management. Vertisols contained the largest BC stocks (17–19 t ha− 1 in non-paddy and paddy fields), followed by Andosols and Alisols (6–10 t BC ha− 1 under paddy management; 3–8 t ha− 1 under non-paddy management). The Gleysol and Fluvisol had the smallest BC stocks, independent of soil use (3–4 t ha− 1). Aromatic N proportions increased to > 50% of total N after combustion of rice straw. However, aromatic N was barely, or not detectable in soil, and there was no correlation to BC. We conclude that burned crop residues were not a major source for aromatic N in soil. BC and aromatic N showed no distinct relations to soil properties, such as the abundance of clay-sized minerals, and Al and Fe oxides. Differences in BC stocks between the soils were most pronounced in the subsoils, likely caused by physical processes, such as swelling and shrinking of clays and/or translocation by leaching. Climate and regional soil-adjusted management also affected BC accumulation, but this first snapshot indicates that global BC maps may be linked to global soil maps.
KW - Aluminum oxides
KW - Black carbon
KW - Black nitrogen
KW - C sequestration
KW - Clay-size fraction
KW - Iron oxides
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84988628656&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.08.026
DO - 10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.08.026
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84988628656
VL - 284
SP - 214
EP - 225
JO - GEODERMA
JF - GEODERMA
SN - 0016-7061
ER -