Accumulation of chlorophyll and essential oils in photomixotrophic cell cultures of Citrus sp

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Authors

  • Gerold Reil
  • Ralf Günter Berger

Research Organisations

External Research Organisations

  • Technical University of Munich (TUM)
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Details

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)657-666
Number of pages10
JournalZeitschrift fur Naturforschung - Section C Journal of Biosciences
Volume51
Issue number9-10
Publication statusPublished - Sept 1996

Abstract

Heterotrophically or photomixotrophically initiated callus cultures of Citrus paradisi, C. limon and C.aurantifolia were grown on different nutrient media and under different light regimes. Calli of C.paradisi that contained > 140 mg chlorophyll per kg wet weight accumulated about 40 volatile mono- and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxigenated terpenes and aliphatic aldehydes. Upon five subcultivations the best yielding callus contained about 5% (186 mg × kg-1 wet wt) of the volatiles found in peel tissue (exo/mesocarp section), and about the twentyfold amount of that found in the fleshy endocarp. The composition of the essential oils from most of the cell cultures equalled grapefruit peel oil, but was shifted to a more fruit flesh-like composition, after the concentration of gellan gum in the medium was increased from 3 to 9 g per L. C. limon produced 11 monoterpenes and n-nonanal (40 mg × kg-1 wet wt max.), and C.aurantifolia yielded limonene only (4.4 mg × kg-1 wet wt max.). For all of the indicated species chlorophyll content and accumulation of volatiles were positively correlated. Addition of exogenous valencene to suspended cells of C.paradisi led to a stable concentration of the conversion product nootkatone. This stably maintained level suggested that a decreased catabolism of available carbon sources might have accounted for the significant accumulation of essential oil constituents.

Keywords

    Cell Culture, Citrus, Limonene, Oligoprenoids, Photomixotrophy

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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Accumulation of chlorophyll and essential oils in photomixotrophic cell cultures of Citrus sp. / Reil, Gerold; Berger, Ralf Günter.
In: Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung - Section C Journal of Biosciences, Vol. 51, No. 9-10, 09.1996, p. 657-666.

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title = "Accumulation of chlorophyll and essential oils in photomixotrophic cell cultures of Citrus sp",
abstract = "Heterotrophically or photomixotrophically initiated callus cultures of Citrus paradisi, C. limon and C.aurantifolia were grown on different nutrient media and under different light regimes. Calli of C.paradisi that contained > 140 mg chlorophyll per kg wet weight accumulated about 40 volatile mono- and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxigenated terpenes and aliphatic aldehydes. Upon five subcultivations the best yielding callus contained about 5% (186 mg × kg-1 wet wt) of the volatiles found in peel tissue (exo/mesocarp section), and about the twentyfold amount of that found in the fleshy endocarp. The composition of the essential oils from most of the cell cultures equalled grapefruit peel oil, but was shifted to a more fruit flesh-like composition, after the concentration of gellan gum in the medium was increased from 3 to 9 g per L. C. limon produced 11 monoterpenes and n-nonanal (40 mg × kg-1 wet wt max.), and C.aurantifolia yielded limonene only (4.4 mg × kg-1 wet wt max.). For all of the indicated species chlorophyll content and accumulation of volatiles were positively correlated. Addition of exogenous valencene to suspended cells of C.paradisi led to a stable concentration of the conversion product nootkatone. This stably maintained level suggested that a decreased catabolism of available carbon sources might have accounted for the significant accumulation of essential oil constituents.",
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author = "Gerold Reil and Berger, {Ralf G{\"u}nter}",
note = "Funding information: This work was supported by the Federal Minister of Research and Technology (project no. 0318980A) and by the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie. Valuable advice came from the members of the project group. S. Pilawa and B. Zimmer-mann are thanked for analytical and technical collaboration.",
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AU - Reil, Gerold

AU - Berger, Ralf Günter

N1 - Funding information: This work was supported by the Federal Minister of Research and Technology (project no. 0318980A) and by the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie. Valuable advice came from the members of the project group. S. Pilawa and B. Zimmer-mann are thanked for analytical and technical collaboration.

PY - 1996/9

Y1 - 1996/9

N2 - Heterotrophically or photomixotrophically initiated callus cultures of Citrus paradisi, C. limon and C.aurantifolia were grown on different nutrient media and under different light regimes. Calli of C.paradisi that contained > 140 mg chlorophyll per kg wet weight accumulated about 40 volatile mono- and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxigenated terpenes and aliphatic aldehydes. Upon five subcultivations the best yielding callus contained about 5% (186 mg × kg-1 wet wt) of the volatiles found in peel tissue (exo/mesocarp section), and about the twentyfold amount of that found in the fleshy endocarp. The composition of the essential oils from most of the cell cultures equalled grapefruit peel oil, but was shifted to a more fruit flesh-like composition, after the concentration of gellan gum in the medium was increased from 3 to 9 g per L. C. limon produced 11 monoterpenes and n-nonanal (40 mg × kg-1 wet wt max.), and C.aurantifolia yielded limonene only (4.4 mg × kg-1 wet wt max.). For all of the indicated species chlorophyll content and accumulation of volatiles were positively correlated. Addition of exogenous valencene to suspended cells of C.paradisi led to a stable concentration of the conversion product nootkatone. This stably maintained level suggested that a decreased catabolism of available carbon sources might have accounted for the significant accumulation of essential oil constituents.

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KW - Citrus

KW - Limonene

KW - Oligoprenoids

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