A Machine Learning Approach for the Prediction of Time-Averaged Unsteady Flows in Turbomachinery

Research output: Chapter in book/report/conference proceedingConference contributionResearchpeer review

Authors

External Research Organisations

  • Cluster of Excellence SE²A Sustainable and Energy-Efficient Aviation
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Details

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationTurbomachinery - Multidisciplinary Design Approaches, Optimization, and Uncertainty Quantification; Radial Turbomachinery Aerodynamics; Unsteady Flows in Turbomachinery
PublisherAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME)
ISBN (electronic)9780791887110
Publication statusPublished - 2023
EventASME Turbo Expo 2023: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2023 - Boston, United States
Duration: 26 Jun 202330 Jun 2023

Publication series

NameProceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo
Volume13D

Abstract

Recent advances in deep learning have led to its increased application in the field of fluid dynamics. By using a data-driven approach instead of a more conventional numerical approach, it is possible to reduce the computational cost of fluid simulations significantly. Especially unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are known to require a considerable amount of time and resources. Hence, it is common practice in turbomachinery to model the flow as steady by averaging the flow between the rotor and stator in a so-called mixing plane. While this approach is numerically efficient, the full interactions between the rotor and the stator can no longer be predicted accurately due to the averaged upstream flow field. Contrary to this, the time-average of an actual unsteady flow does not contain such a modeling error while still resulting in a flow field that is decoupled from its temporal fluctuations. In this work, we introduce a graph neural network (GNN), which predicts the time-averaged flow field of a rotor stage in an axial compressor based on its steady solution. Because GNNs are able to operate directly on the high-fidelity CFD mesh, we are able to retain the spatial resolution necessary to depict more complex flow behaviour. Consequently, the fidelity of our predictions can compete with conventional high-accuracy flow simulations. Our model is capable of predicting the velocity, pressure, density, and temperature field of a single rotor stage from a 4½-stage axial compressor test case and shows significant improvements compared to the steady state solution, while also being substantially faster than conventional unsteady CFD simulations.

Keywords

    Axial Compressors, Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Unsteady Flow

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Cite this

A Machine Learning Approach for the Prediction of Time-Averaged Unsteady Flows in Turbomachinery. / Blechschmidt, Dominik; Mimic, Dajan.
Turbomachinery - Multidisciplinary Design Approaches, Optimization, and Uncertainty Quantification; Radial Turbomachinery Aerodynamics; Unsteady Flows in Turbomachinery. American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME), 2023. v13dt36a023 (Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo; Vol. 13D).

Research output: Chapter in book/report/conference proceedingConference contributionResearchpeer review

Blechschmidt, D & Mimic, D 2023, A Machine Learning Approach for the Prediction of Time-Averaged Unsteady Flows in Turbomachinery. in Turbomachinery - Multidisciplinary Design Approaches, Optimization, and Uncertainty Quantification; Radial Turbomachinery Aerodynamics; Unsteady Flows in Turbomachinery., v13dt36a023, Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo, vol. 13D, American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME), ASME Turbo Expo 2023: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2023, Boston, United States, 26 Jun 2023. https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2023-103914
Blechschmidt, D., & Mimic, D. (2023). A Machine Learning Approach for the Prediction of Time-Averaged Unsteady Flows in Turbomachinery. In Turbomachinery - Multidisciplinary Design Approaches, Optimization, and Uncertainty Quantification; Radial Turbomachinery Aerodynamics; Unsteady Flows in Turbomachinery Article v13dt36a023 (Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo; Vol. 13D). American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME). https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2023-103914
Blechschmidt D, Mimic D. A Machine Learning Approach for the Prediction of Time-Averaged Unsteady Flows in Turbomachinery. In Turbomachinery - Multidisciplinary Design Approaches, Optimization, and Uncertainty Quantification; Radial Turbomachinery Aerodynamics; Unsteady Flows in Turbomachinery. American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME). 2023. v13dt36a023. (Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo). doi: 10.1115/GT2023-103914
Blechschmidt, Dominik ; Mimic, Dajan. / A Machine Learning Approach for the Prediction of Time-Averaged Unsteady Flows in Turbomachinery. Turbomachinery - Multidisciplinary Design Approaches, Optimization, and Uncertainty Quantification; Radial Turbomachinery Aerodynamics; Unsteady Flows in Turbomachinery. American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME), 2023. (Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo).
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abstract = "Recent advances in deep learning have led to its increased application in the field of fluid dynamics. By using a data-driven approach instead of a more conventional numerical approach, it is possible to reduce the computational cost of fluid simulations significantly. Especially unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are known to require a considerable amount of time and resources. Hence, it is common practice in turbomachinery to model the flow as steady by averaging the flow between the rotor and stator in a so-called mixing plane. While this approach is numerically efficient, the full interactions between the rotor and the stator can no longer be predicted accurately due to the averaged upstream flow field. Contrary to this, the time-average of an actual unsteady flow does not contain such a modeling error while still resulting in a flow field that is decoupled from its temporal fluctuations. In this work, we introduce a graph neural network (GNN), which predicts the time-averaged flow field of a rotor stage in an axial compressor based on its steady solution. Because GNNs are able to operate directly on the high-fidelity CFD mesh, we are able to retain the spatial resolution necessary to depict more complex flow behaviour. Consequently, the fidelity of our predictions can compete with conventional high-accuracy flow simulations. Our model is capable of predicting the velocity, pressure, density, and temperature field of a single rotor stage from a 4½-stage axial compressor test case and shows significant improvements compared to the steady state solution, while also being substantially faster than conventional unsteady CFD simulations.",
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AU - Blechschmidt, Dominik

AU - Mimic, Dajan

N1 - Funding Information: We would like to acknowledge the funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy EXC 2163/1 Sustainable and Energy Efficient Aviation Project ID 390881007. We also gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the DLR Institute of Propulsion Technology and MTU Aero Engines AG for providing TRACE. This work was supported by the Leibniz Universität Hannover IT Services (LUIS) compute cluster, which is funded by the Leibniz Universität Hannover, the Lower Saxony Ministry of Science and Culture (MWK) and the German Research Association (DFG).

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