Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 7131501 |
| Pages (from-to) | 915-925 |
| Number of pages | 11 |
| Journal | IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility |
| Volume | 57 |
| Issue number | 5 |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Oct 2015 |
Abstract
This paper presents a general calibration procedure for probing RF voltages and currents in the time domain with conventional oscilloscopes using a directional coupler. It eliminates the need for a separate power calibration and takes advantage of the large dynamic range of a vector network analyzer during the calibration step. As a first application of this procedure, the electromagnetic disturbances on high-voltage (HV) lines in vehicles with hybrid or electric drive are precisely determined by applying an HV automotive-grade directional line coupler. In conjunction with the calibration algorithm, this coupler permits measuring the EMI relevant noise voltages and currents during real operation conditions of the vehicle without the need to modify the HV network by inserting LISNs or other artificial networks. The presented HV coupler offers a superior RF performance between its HV ports yielding an insertion loss of max. 0.8 dB and a return loss of min. 15 dB with respect to a typical low characteristic impedance of HV lines of 11 Ω over a frequency range from 150 kHz to 1 GHz. Thus, the coupler itself causes minimal influence on the original waveforms within the HV network and facilitates measurements very close to the noise sources, e.g., the power inverter, at a distinct calibration plane. Furthermore, it is shown how the accurate knowledge of these voltages and currents can be utilized to predict radiated emissions or to derive load impedances. Herein, the measurements are performed in a CISPR 25 related setup over a frequency range from 150 kHz to 500 MHz, achieving a good agreement to conventional measurement methods.
Keywords
- Calibration, CISPR 25, current measurement, electric vehicles (EVs), electromagnetic disturbances, high-voltage (HV) automotive power networks, hybrid vehicles, ISO 7637-4, voltage measurement
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physics and Astronomy(all)
- Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
- Physics and Astronomy(all)
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Engineering(all)
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
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In: IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 57, No. 5, 7131501, 01.10.2015, p. 915-925.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - A General Calibration Procedure for Measuring RF Voltages and Currents Applied to the EMC Analysis of Automotive High-Voltage Power Networks
AU - Zietz, Christian
AU - Armbrecht, Gunnar
AU - Schmid, Thomas
AU - Wollitzer, Michael
AU - Geck, Bernd
PY - 2015/10/1
Y1 - 2015/10/1
N2 - This paper presents a general calibration procedure for probing RF voltages and currents in the time domain with conventional oscilloscopes using a directional coupler. It eliminates the need for a separate power calibration and takes advantage of the large dynamic range of a vector network analyzer during the calibration step. As a first application of this procedure, the electromagnetic disturbances on high-voltage (HV) lines in vehicles with hybrid or electric drive are precisely determined by applying an HV automotive-grade directional line coupler. In conjunction with the calibration algorithm, this coupler permits measuring the EMI relevant noise voltages and currents during real operation conditions of the vehicle without the need to modify the HV network by inserting LISNs or other artificial networks. The presented HV coupler offers a superior RF performance between its HV ports yielding an insertion loss of max. 0.8 dB and a return loss of min. 15 dB with respect to a typical low characteristic impedance of HV lines of 11 Ω over a frequency range from 150 kHz to 1 GHz. Thus, the coupler itself causes minimal influence on the original waveforms within the HV network and facilitates measurements very close to the noise sources, e.g., the power inverter, at a distinct calibration plane. Furthermore, it is shown how the accurate knowledge of these voltages and currents can be utilized to predict radiated emissions or to derive load impedances. Herein, the measurements are performed in a CISPR 25 related setup over a frequency range from 150 kHz to 500 MHz, achieving a good agreement to conventional measurement methods.
AB - This paper presents a general calibration procedure for probing RF voltages and currents in the time domain with conventional oscilloscopes using a directional coupler. It eliminates the need for a separate power calibration and takes advantage of the large dynamic range of a vector network analyzer during the calibration step. As a first application of this procedure, the electromagnetic disturbances on high-voltage (HV) lines in vehicles with hybrid or electric drive are precisely determined by applying an HV automotive-grade directional line coupler. In conjunction with the calibration algorithm, this coupler permits measuring the EMI relevant noise voltages and currents during real operation conditions of the vehicle without the need to modify the HV network by inserting LISNs or other artificial networks. The presented HV coupler offers a superior RF performance between its HV ports yielding an insertion loss of max. 0.8 dB and a return loss of min. 15 dB with respect to a typical low characteristic impedance of HV lines of 11 Ω over a frequency range from 150 kHz to 1 GHz. Thus, the coupler itself causes minimal influence on the original waveforms within the HV network and facilitates measurements very close to the noise sources, e.g., the power inverter, at a distinct calibration plane. Furthermore, it is shown how the accurate knowledge of these voltages and currents can be utilized to predict radiated emissions or to derive load impedances. Herein, the measurements are performed in a CISPR 25 related setup over a frequency range from 150 kHz to 500 MHz, achieving a good agreement to conventional measurement methods.
KW - Calibration
KW - CISPR 25
KW - current measurement
KW - electric vehicles (EVs)
KW - electromagnetic disturbances
KW - high-voltage (HV) automotive power networks
KW - hybrid vehicles
KW - ISO 7637-4
KW - voltage measurement
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85027924074&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TEMC.2015.2442522
DO - 10.1109/TEMC.2015.2442522
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85027924074
VL - 57
SP - 915
EP - 925
JO - IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility
JF - IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility
SN - 0018-9375
IS - 5
M1 - 7131501
ER -