Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1566-1572 |
| Number of pages | 7 |
| Journal | IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation |
| Volume | 30 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| Early online date | 8 Jun 2023 |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Aug 2023 |
Abstract
Bubble formation endangers the integrity of the oil-paper insulation system of power transformers. In this article, a test setup is created to detect bubbling inception temperature (BIT) for Kraft and thermally upgraded papers (TUPs). The paper samples are dried, prepared at six different moisture levels, and immersed in synthetic ester for the experiments. The paper strips are wound around a cartridge heater, and a controller unit raises its temperature. Results of the experiments revealed that BITs for Kraft paper are comparable to those reported in the literature. The usage of synthetic ester is shown to cause insignificant changes in the BITs. The causes of discrepancies among the BITs obtained via different test setups are discussed in detail, and an equation is presented to estimate BIT in Kraft paper based on four experimental datasets. The tested TUP is shown to have significantly lower BITs than Kraft paper, which is in contrast to the previously reported data. Scrutinizing TUP at temperatures beyond BITs revealed that the behavior of bubble formation differs from that in the Kraft paper. In the test setup with Kraft paper, bubbles are formed progressively at temperatures higher than BIT. In contrast, occasional sporadic bubbles emerge from TUP beyond the BIT until a stream of bubbles, similar to the case of Kraft paper, is observed at several degrees higher than BIT in the TUP.
Keywords
- Aging, bubble, bubbling inception temperature (BIT), Heating systems, Insulation, Kraft paper, Minerals, Moisture, Oils, synthetic ester, Temperature measurement, thermally upgraded paper (TUP), Bubble
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Engineering(all)
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
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In: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 30, No. 4, 01.08.2023, p. 1566-1572.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - A Comparison Between Bubble Formation on Kraft and Thermally Upgraded Papers in Synthetic Ester
AU - Ariannik, Mohamadreza
AU - Rezaei-Zare, Afshin
AU - Kuhnke, Moritz
AU - Werle, Peter
PY - 2023/8/1
Y1 - 2023/8/1
N2 - Bubble formation endangers the integrity of the oil-paper insulation system of power transformers. In this article, a test setup is created to detect bubbling inception temperature (BIT) for Kraft and thermally upgraded papers (TUPs). The paper samples are dried, prepared at six different moisture levels, and immersed in synthetic ester for the experiments. The paper strips are wound around a cartridge heater, and a controller unit raises its temperature. Results of the experiments revealed that BITs for Kraft paper are comparable to those reported in the literature. The usage of synthetic ester is shown to cause insignificant changes in the BITs. The causes of discrepancies among the BITs obtained via different test setups are discussed in detail, and an equation is presented to estimate BIT in Kraft paper based on four experimental datasets. The tested TUP is shown to have significantly lower BITs than Kraft paper, which is in contrast to the previously reported data. Scrutinizing TUP at temperatures beyond BITs revealed that the behavior of bubble formation differs from that in the Kraft paper. In the test setup with Kraft paper, bubbles are formed progressively at temperatures higher than BIT. In contrast, occasional sporadic bubbles emerge from TUP beyond the BIT until a stream of bubbles, similar to the case of Kraft paper, is observed at several degrees higher than BIT in the TUP.
AB - Bubble formation endangers the integrity of the oil-paper insulation system of power transformers. In this article, a test setup is created to detect bubbling inception temperature (BIT) for Kraft and thermally upgraded papers (TUPs). The paper samples are dried, prepared at six different moisture levels, and immersed in synthetic ester for the experiments. The paper strips are wound around a cartridge heater, and a controller unit raises its temperature. Results of the experiments revealed that BITs for Kraft paper are comparable to those reported in the literature. The usage of synthetic ester is shown to cause insignificant changes in the BITs. The causes of discrepancies among the BITs obtained via different test setups are discussed in detail, and an equation is presented to estimate BIT in Kraft paper based on four experimental datasets. The tested TUP is shown to have significantly lower BITs than Kraft paper, which is in contrast to the previously reported data. Scrutinizing TUP at temperatures beyond BITs revealed that the behavior of bubble formation differs from that in the Kraft paper. In the test setup with Kraft paper, bubbles are formed progressively at temperatures higher than BIT. In contrast, occasional sporadic bubbles emerge from TUP beyond the BIT until a stream of bubbles, similar to the case of Kraft paper, is observed at several degrees higher than BIT in the TUP.
KW - Aging
KW - bubble
KW - bubbling inception temperature (BIT)
KW - Heating systems
KW - Insulation
KW - Kraft paper
KW - Minerals
KW - Moisture
KW - Oils
KW - synthetic ester
KW - Temperature measurement
KW - thermally upgraded paper (TUP)
KW - Bubble
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85162656763&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TDEI.2023.3284422
DO - 10.1109/TDEI.2023.3284422
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85162656763
VL - 30
SP - 1566
EP - 1572
JO - IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation
JF - IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation
SN - 1070-9878
IS - 4
ER -