TY - JOUR

T1 - Xylogenesis and phloemogenesis in the flesh of sweet cherry fruit are limited to early-stage development

AU - Gärtner, Jonas

AU - Grimm, Eckhard

AU - Knoche, Moritz

N1 - Funding Information: We thank Dr. Sandy Lang for very helpful discussions and comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We also thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, grant KN 402/14-1) for funding this study.

PY - 2022/12

Y1 - 2022/12

N2 - Water inflows into sweet cherry fruit occur via the xylem and the phloem vasculatures of the pedicel. The rates of these inflows are subject to marked changes during fruit development. The objective was to establish if, and when, xylogenesis and phloemogenesis occur in the fruit flesh (mesocarp) during fruit development. Fruit were cut in half and the median and the lateral bundles inspected by light microscopy. Fruit mass increased with time in a double sigmoid pattern. Xylogenesis and phloemogenesis were both limited to early fruit development (stage I). There were no consistent changes in the areas of either xylem or phloem after stage I until maturity (i.e., during stages II and III). The cross-sectional areas of xylem and of phloem in a bundle were both linearly related to total bundle area. Most of the increases (stage I) in bundle area (62%, r2 = 0.99***) were accounted for by increases in phloem area and about 35% (r2 = 0.97***) by increases in xylem area. A small percentage of the xylem area increase (about 4% of the total area of the bundle; r2 = 0.48***) was contributed by the appearance of intercellular spaces within the xylem. Our results suggest, that new xylem and phloem tissues are differentiated only during early development.

AB - Water inflows into sweet cherry fruit occur via the xylem and the phloem vasculatures of the pedicel. The rates of these inflows are subject to marked changes during fruit development. The objective was to establish if, and when, xylogenesis and phloemogenesis occur in the fruit flesh (mesocarp) during fruit development. Fruit were cut in half and the median and the lateral bundles inspected by light microscopy. Fruit mass increased with time in a double sigmoid pattern. Xylogenesis and phloemogenesis were both limited to early fruit development (stage I). There were no consistent changes in the areas of either xylem or phloem after stage I until maturity (i.e., during stages II and III). The cross-sectional areas of xylem and of phloem in a bundle were both linearly related to total bundle area. Most of the increases (stage I) in bundle area (62%, r2 = 0.99***) were accounted for by increases in phloem area and about 35% (r2 = 0.97***) by increases in xylem area. A small percentage of the xylem area increase (about 4% of the total area of the bundle; r2 = 0.48***) was contributed by the appearance of intercellular spaces within the xylem. Our results suggest, that new xylem and phloem tissues are differentiated only during early development.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85134370516&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1038/s41598-022-16544-1

DO - 10.1038/s41598-022-16544-1

M3 - Article

C2 - 35851098

AN - SCOPUS:85134370516

VL - 12

JO - Scientific reports

JF - Scientific reports

SN - 2045-2322

IS - 1

M1 - 12274

ER -