Details
| Originalsprache | Englisch |
|---|---|
| Seiten (von - bis) | 4797-4842 |
| Seitenumfang | 46 |
| Fachzeitschrift | Geoscientific model development |
| Jahrgang | 14 |
| Ausgabenummer | 8 |
| Publikationsstatus | Veröffentlicht - 3 Aug. 2021 |
Abstract
In recent years, the PALM 6.0 modelling system has been rapidly developing its capability to simulate physical processes within urban environments. Some examples in this regard are energy-balance solvers for building and land surfaces, a radiative transfer model to account for multiple reflections and shading, a plant-canopy model to consider the effects of plants on flow (thermo)dynamics, and a chemistry transport model to enable simulation of air quality. This study provides a thorough evaluation of modelled meteorological, air chemistry, and ground and wall-surface quantities against dedicated in situ measurements taken in an urban environment in Dejvice, Prague, the Czech Republic. Measurements included monitoring of air quality and meteorology in street canyons, surface temperature scanning with infrared cameras, and monitoring of wall heat fluxes. Large-eddy simulations (LES) using the PALM model driven by boundary conditions obtained from a mesoscale model were performed for multiple days within two summer and three winter episodes characterized by different atmospheric conditions. For the simulated episodes, the resulting temperature, wind speed, and chemical compound concentrations within street canyons show a realistic representation of the observed state, except that the LES did not adequately capture night-Time cooling near the surface for certain meteorological conditions. In some situations, insufficient turbulent mixing was modelled, resulting in higher near-surface concentrations. At most of the evaluation points, the simulated surface temperature reproduces the observed surface temperature reasonably well for both absolute and daily amplitude values. However, especially for the winter episodes and for modern buildings with multilayer walls, the heat transfer through walls is not well captured in some cases, leading to discrepancies between the modelled and observed wall-surface temperature. Furthermore, the study corroborates model dependency on the accuracy of the input data. In particular, the temperatures of surfaces affected by nearby trees strongly depend on the spatial distribution of the leaf area density, land surface temperatures at grass surfaces strongly depend on the initial soil moisture, wall-surface temperatures depend on the correct setting of wall material parameters, and concentrations depend on detailed information on spatial distribution of emissions, all of which are often unavailable at sufficient accuracy. The study also points out some current model limitations, particularly the implications of representing topography and complex heterogeneous facades on a discrete Cartesian grid, and glass facades that are not fully represented in terms of radiative processes. Our findings are able to validate the representation of physical processes in PALM while also pointing out specific shortcomings. This will help to build a baseline for future developments of the model and improvements of simulations of physical processes in an urban environment.
ASJC Scopus Sachgebiete
- Mathematik (insg.)
- Modellierung und Simulation
- Erdkunde und Planetologie (insg.)
Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung
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in: Geoscientific model development, Jahrgang 14, Nr. 8, 03.08.2021, S. 4797-4842.
Publikation: Beitrag in Fachzeitschrift › Artikel › Forschung › Peer-Review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Validation of the PALM model system 6.0 in a real urban environment
T2 - A case study in Dejvice, Prague, the Czech Republic
AU - Resler, Jaroslav
AU - Eben, Kryštof
AU - Geletič, Jan
AU - Krč, Pavel
AU - Rosecký, Martin
AU - Sühring, Matthias
AU - Belda, Michal
AU - Fuka, Vladimír
AU - Halenka, Tomáš
AU - Huszár, Peter
AU - Karlický, Jan
AU - Benešová, Nina
AU - Aoubalová, Jana
AU - Honzáková, Kateå™ina
AU - Keder, Josef
AU - Nápravníková, Šárka
AU - Vlček, Ondå™ej
N1 - Acknowledgements: Financial support was provided by the Operational Program Prague – Growth Pole of the Czech Republic project “Urbanization of weather forecast, air-quality prediction and climate scenarios for Prague” (Urbi Pragensi; grant no. CZ 07.1.02/0.0/0.0/16_040/0000383, http://www.urbipragensi.cz, last access: 27 July 2021), which is co-financed by the EU. Matthias Sühring was supported by the Federal German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; grant no. 01LP1601) within the framework of “Research for Sustainable Development” (FONA; https://www.fona.de, last access: 28 June 2021). Financial support was also provided by the Norway Grants and Technology Agency of the Czech Republic “Turbulent-resolving urban modelling of air quality and thermal comfort” project (TURBAN, project no. TO01000219, https://www.project-turban.eu, last access: 27 July 2021). The terrain mapping campaign of building properties was co-financed by the Strategy AV21 project “Energy interactions of buildings and the outdoor urban environment”, which is financed by the Czech Academy of Sciences. Financial support. This research has been supported by the European Structural and Investment Funds (grant no. CZ.07.1.02/0.0/0.0/16_040/0000383), the Federal German Ministry of Education and Research (grant no. 01LP1601A), and the Norway Grants and Technology Agency of the Czech Republic (grant no. TO01000219).
PY - 2021/8/3
Y1 - 2021/8/3
N2 - In recent years, the PALM 6.0 modelling system has been rapidly developing its capability to simulate physical processes within urban environments. Some examples in this regard are energy-balance solvers for building and land surfaces, a radiative transfer model to account for multiple reflections and shading, a plant-canopy model to consider the effects of plants on flow (thermo)dynamics, and a chemistry transport model to enable simulation of air quality. This study provides a thorough evaluation of modelled meteorological, air chemistry, and ground and wall-surface quantities against dedicated in situ measurements taken in an urban environment in Dejvice, Prague, the Czech Republic. Measurements included monitoring of air quality and meteorology in street canyons, surface temperature scanning with infrared cameras, and monitoring of wall heat fluxes. Large-eddy simulations (LES) using the PALM model driven by boundary conditions obtained from a mesoscale model were performed for multiple days within two summer and three winter episodes characterized by different atmospheric conditions. For the simulated episodes, the resulting temperature, wind speed, and chemical compound concentrations within street canyons show a realistic representation of the observed state, except that the LES did not adequately capture night-Time cooling near the surface for certain meteorological conditions. In some situations, insufficient turbulent mixing was modelled, resulting in higher near-surface concentrations. At most of the evaluation points, the simulated surface temperature reproduces the observed surface temperature reasonably well for both absolute and daily amplitude values. However, especially for the winter episodes and for modern buildings with multilayer walls, the heat transfer through walls is not well captured in some cases, leading to discrepancies between the modelled and observed wall-surface temperature. Furthermore, the study corroborates model dependency on the accuracy of the input data. In particular, the temperatures of surfaces affected by nearby trees strongly depend on the spatial distribution of the leaf area density, land surface temperatures at grass surfaces strongly depend on the initial soil moisture, wall-surface temperatures depend on the correct setting of wall material parameters, and concentrations depend on detailed information on spatial distribution of emissions, all of which are often unavailable at sufficient accuracy. The study also points out some current model limitations, particularly the implications of representing topography and complex heterogeneous facades on a discrete Cartesian grid, and glass facades that are not fully represented in terms of radiative processes. Our findings are able to validate the representation of physical processes in PALM while also pointing out specific shortcomings. This will help to build a baseline for future developments of the model and improvements of simulations of physical processes in an urban environment.
AB - In recent years, the PALM 6.0 modelling system has been rapidly developing its capability to simulate physical processes within urban environments. Some examples in this regard are energy-balance solvers for building and land surfaces, a radiative transfer model to account for multiple reflections and shading, a plant-canopy model to consider the effects of plants on flow (thermo)dynamics, and a chemistry transport model to enable simulation of air quality. This study provides a thorough evaluation of modelled meteorological, air chemistry, and ground and wall-surface quantities against dedicated in situ measurements taken in an urban environment in Dejvice, Prague, the Czech Republic. Measurements included monitoring of air quality and meteorology in street canyons, surface temperature scanning with infrared cameras, and monitoring of wall heat fluxes. Large-eddy simulations (LES) using the PALM model driven by boundary conditions obtained from a mesoscale model were performed for multiple days within two summer and three winter episodes characterized by different atmospheric conditions. For the simulated episodes, the resulting temperature, wind speed, and chemical compound concentrations within street canyons show a realistic representation of the observed state, except that the LES did not adequately capture night-Time cooling near the surface for certain meteorological conditions. In some situations, insufficient turbulent mixing was modelled, resulting in higher near-surface concentrations. At most of the evaluation points, the simulated surface temperature reproduces the observed surface temperature reasonably well for both absolute and daily amplitude values. However, especially for the winter episodes and for modern buildings with multilayer walls, the heat transfer through walls is not well captured in some cases, leading to discrepancies between the modelled and observed wall-surface temperature. Furthermore, the study corroborates model dependency on the accuracy of the input data. In particular, the temperatures of surfaces affected by nearby trees strongly depend on the spatial distribution of the leaf area density, land surface temperatures at grass surfaces strongly depend on the initial soil moisture, wall-surface temperatures depend on the correct setting of wall material parameters, and concentrations depend on detailed information on spatial distribution of emissions, all of which are often unavailable at sufficient accuracy. The study also points out some current model limitations, particularly the implications of representing topography and complex heterogeneous facades on a discrete Cartesian grid, and glass facades that are not fully represented in terms of radiative processes. Our findings are able to validate the representation of physical processes in PALM while also pointing out specific shortcomings. This will help to build a baseline for future developments of the model and improvements of simulations of physical processes in an urban environment.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85112042776&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.15488/16610
DO - 10.15488/16610
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85112042776
VL - 14
SP - 4797
EP - 4842
JO - Geoscientific model development
JF - Geoscientific model development
SN - 1991-959X
IS - 8
ER -