TY - JOUR

T1 - Two-Dimensional Supersolid Formation in Dipolar Condensates

AU - Bland, T.

AU - Poli, E.

AU - Politi, C.

AU - Klaus, L.

AU - Norcia, M. A.

AU - Ferlaino, F.

AU - Santos, L.

AU - Bisset, R. N.

N1 - Funding Information: We thank Manfred Mark and the Innsbruck Erbium team for valuable discussions and thank Péter Juhász for carefully reading the manuscript. We acknowledge R. M. W. van Bijnen for developing the code for our eGPE and BdG simulations. Part of the computational results presented have been achieved using the HPC infrastructure LEO of the University of Innsbruck. The experimental team is financially supported through an ERC Consolidator Grant (RARE, No. 681432), an NFRI grant (MIRARE, No. OAW0600) of the Austrian Academy of Science, and the QuantERA grant MAQS by the Austrian Science Fund FWF No. I4391-N. L. S. and F. F. acknowledge the DFG/FWF (Grant No. FOR 2247/I4317-N36) and a joint-project grant from the FWF (Grant No. I4426, RSF/Russland 2019). L. S. thanks the funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy—EXC-2123 QuantumFrontiers—390837967. M. A. N. has received funding as an ESQ postdoctoral fellow from the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 801110 and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research (BMBWF). We also acknowledge the Innsbruck Laser Core Facility, financed by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy.

PY - 2022/5/13

Y1 - 2022/5/13

N2 - Dipolar condensates have recently been coaxed to form the long-sought supersolid phase. While one-dimensional supersolids may be prepared by triggering a roton instability, we find that such a procedure in two dimensions (2D) leads to a loss of both global phase coherence and crystalline order. Unlike in 1D, the 2D roton modes have little in common with the supersolid configuration. We develop a finite-temperature stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii theory that includes beyond-mean-field effects to explore the formation process in 2D and find that evaporative cooling directly into the supersolid phase - hence bypassing the first-order roton instability - can produce a robust supersolid in a circular trap. Importantly, the resulting supersolid is stable at the final nonzero temperature. We then experimentally produce a 2D supersolid in a near-circular trap through such an evaporative procedure. Our work provides insight into the process of supersolid formation in 2D and defines a realistic path to the formation of large two-dimensional supersolid arrays.

AB - Dipolar condensates have recently been coaxed to form the long-sought supersolid phase. While one-dimensional supersolids may be prepared by triggering a roton instability, we find that such a procedure in two dimensions (2D) leads to a loss of both global phase coherence and crystalline order. Unlike in 1D, the 2D roton modes have little in common with the supersolid configuration. We develop a finite-temperature stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii theory that includes beyond-mean-field effects to explore the formation process in 2D and find that evaporative cooling directly into the supersolid phase - hence bypassing the first-order roton instability - can produce a robust supersolid in a circular trap. Importantly, the resulting supersolid is stable at the final nonzero temperature. We then experimentally produce a 2D supersolid in a near-circular trap through such an evaporative procedure. Our work provides insight into the process of supersolid formation in 2D and defines a realistic path to the formation of large two-dimensional supersolid arrays.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85130586305&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.195302

DO - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.195302

M3 - Article

C2 - 35622047

AN - SCOPUS:85130586305

VL - 128

JO - Physical review letters

JF - Physical review letters

SN - 0031-9007

IS - 19

M1 - 195302

ER -