TY - JOUR

T1 - Toward Professional Distributed Performances

T2 - Effects of a Global Metronome on Networked Musical Ensemble Interactions

AU - Hupke, Robert

AU - Nophut, Marcel

AU - Preihs, Stephan

AU - Peissig, Jürgen

N1 - Funding Information: The project LIPS-CISS was funded by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy under the reference number 01MD18010G. The authors would like to thank all participants of the experiment.

PY - 2021/10/7

Y1 - 2021/10/7

N2 - Modern communication networks enable audiovisual interaction between geographically distant locations in near real time, leading to an increasing interest in networked music performance (NMP) and growing availability of related tools and applications. An important point of such distributed performances is the nature of interaction between the performers, which poses challenges toward, e.g., the network latency in the communication chain. Extensive research in the field of NMPs has shown that it is possible to achieve stabilization of synchrony and tempo deviation by providing a global time reference signal at each location of an NMP. In this study, for the first time, both an auditory and visual global metronome were integrated into the ecosystem of a physical NMP to evaluate the objective musical outcome and perceived benefit of the metronome with a professional music ensemble of five musicians between Munich and Hanover. The objective analysis shows that the metronome has a positive effect in terms of tempo stability at high latency levels, whereas synchrony strongly depends on the individual coping strategy of each musician. The subjective analysis suggests that a perceivable positive effect of the metronome is discernible for the musicians at all latency levels.

AB - Modern communication networks enable audiovisual interaction between geographically distant locations in near real time, leading to an increasing interest in networked music performance (NMP) and growing availability of related tools and applications. An important point of such distributed performances is the nature of interaction between the performers, which poses challenges toward, e.g., the network latency in the communication chain. Extensive research in the field of NMPs has shown that it is possible to achieve stabilization of synchrony and tempo deviation by providing a global time reference signal at each location of an NMP. In this study, for the first time, both an auditory and visual global metronome were integrated into the ecosystem of a physical NMP to evaluate the objective musical outcome and perceived benefit of the metronome with a professional music ensemble of five musicians between Munich and Hanover. The objective analysis shows that the metronome has a positive effect in terms of tempo stability at high latency levels, whereas synchrony strongly depends on the individual coping strategy of each musician. The subjective analysis suggests that a perceivable positive effect of the metronome is discernible for the musicians at all latency levels.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85136333262&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.17743/jaes.2021.0037

DO - 10.17743/jaes.2021.0037

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85136333262

VL - 69

SP - 720

EP - 736

JO - AES: Journal of the Audio Engineering Society

JF - AES: Journal of the Audio Engineering Society

SN - 1549-4950

IS - 10

ER -