TY - JOUR

T1 - The variance inflation factor to account for correlations in likelihood ratio tests

T2 - deformation analysis with terrestrial laser scanners

AU - Kermarrec, Gaël

AU - Lösler, Michael

AU - Guerrier, Stéphane

AU - Schön, Steffen

N1 - Funding Information: Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. This study is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under the project KE2453/2–1. Stéphane Guerrier was supported by the SNSF Professorships Grant #176843 and by the Innosuisse Grant #37308.1 IP-ENG.

PY - 2022/10/27

Y1 - 2022/10/27

N2 - The measurement noise of a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) is correlated. Neglecting those correlations affects the dispersion of the parameters when the TLS point clouds are mathematically modelled: statistical tests for the detection of outliers or deformation become misleading. The account for correlations is, thus, mandatory to avoid unfavourable decisions. Unfortunately, fully populated variance covariance matrices (VCM) are often associated with computational burden. To face that challenge, one answer is to rescale a diagonal VCM with a simple und physically justifiable variance inflation factor (VIF). Originally developed for a short-range correlation model, we extend the VIF to account for long-range dependence coming from, for example, atmospheric turbulent effects. The validation of the VIF is performed for the congruency test for deformation with Monte Carlo simulations. Our real application uses data from a bridge under load.

AB - The measurement noise of a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) is correlated. Neglecting those correlations affects the dispersion of the parameters when the TLS point clouds are mathematically modelled: statistical tests for the detection of outliers or deformation become misleading. The account for correlations is, thus, mandatory to avoid unfavourable decisions. Unfortunately, fully populated variance covariance matrices (VCM) are often associated with computational burden. To face that challenge, one answer is to rescale a diagonal VCM with a simple und physically justifiable variance inflation factor (VIF). Originally developed for a short-range correlation model, we extend the VIF to account for long-range dependence coming from, for example, atmospheric turbulent effects. The validation of the VIF is performed for the congruency test for deformation with Monte Carlo simulations. Our real application uses data from a bridge under load.

KW - Congruency test

KW - Correlations

KW - Effective sample size

KW - Long-range dependence

KW - Mahalanobis distance

KW - Terrestrial laser scanner

KW - Variance inflation factor

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85140601720&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s00190-022-01654-5

DO - 10.1007/s00190-022-01654-5

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85140601720

VL - 96

JO - Journal of geodesy

JF - Journal of geodesy

SN - 0949-7714

IS - 11

M1 - 86

ER -