TY - JOUR

T1 - The identification of the Rosa S-locus provides new insights into the breeding and wild origins of continuous-flowering roses

AU - Kawamura, Koji

AU - Ueda, Yoshihiro

AU - Matsumoto, Shogo

AU - Horibe, Takanori

AU - Otagaki, Shungo

AU - Wang, Li

AU - Wang, Guoliang

AU - Hibrand-Saint Oyant, Laurence

AU - Foucher, Fabrice

AU - Linde, Marcus

AU - Debener, Thomas

N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgements This study was supported by the JSPS KAKENHI No. 24688004 and 17H04616. We would like to express our appreciation for Cheng Tingting and Jin Tang in Sichuan University, and Ryosuke Sakamoto in Osaka Institute of Technology, for their helpful support during the fieldwork in China. We are also appreciative of the support from The Rose Culture Institute, Japan, and Drs. Masaki Ochiai and Kunio Yamada at Gifu University, for providing rose materials.

PY - 2022/10/1

Y1 - 2022/10/1

N2 - This study aims to: (i) identify the Rosa S-locus controlling self-incompatibility (SI); (ii) test the genetic linkage of the S-locus with other loci controlling important ornamental traits, such as the continuous-flowering (CF) characteristic; (iii) identify the S-alleles (SC) of old Chinese CF cultivars (e.g, Old Blush, Slater's Crimson China) and examine the changes in the frequency of cultivars with Sc through the history of breeding; (iv) identify wild species carrying the Sc-alleles to infer wild origins of CF cultivars. We identified a new S-RNase (SC2) of Rosa chinensis in a contig from a genome database that has not been integrated into one of the seven chromosomes yet. Genetic mapping indicated that SC2 is allelic to the previously-identified S-RNase (SC1) in chromosome 3. Pollination experiments with half-compatible pairs of roses confirmed that they are the pistil-determinant of SI. The segregation analysis of an F1-population indicated genetic linkage between the S-locus and the floral repressor gene KSN. The non-functional allele ksn is responsible for the CF characteristic. A total of five S-alleles (SC1-5) were identified from old CF cultivars. The frequency of cultivars with SC dramatically increased after the introgression of ksn from Chinese to European cultivars and remains high (80%) in modern cultivars, suggesting that S-genotyping is helpful for effective breeding. Wild individuals carrying SC were found in Rosa multiflora (SC1), Rosa chinensis var. spontanea (SC3), and Rosa gigantea (SC2, SC4), supporting the hypothesis of hybrid origins of CF cultivars and providing a new evidence for the involvement of Rosa multiflora.

AB - This study aims to: (i) identify the Rosa S-locus controlling self-incompatibility (SI); (ii) test the genetic linkage of the S-locus with other loci controlling important ornamental traits, such as the continuous-flowering (CF) characteristic; (iii) identify the S-alleles (SC) of old Chinese CF cultivars (e.g, Old Blush, Slater's Crimson China) and examine the changes in the frequency of cultivars with Sc through the history of breeding; (iv) identify wild species carrying the Sc-alleles to infer wild origins of CF cultivars. We identified a new S-RNase (SC2) of Rosa chinensis in a contig from a genome database that has not been integrated into one of the seven chromosomes yet. Genetic mapping indicated that SC2 is allelic to the previously-identified S-RNase (SC1) in chromosome 3. Pollination experiments with half-compatible pairs of roses confirmed that they are the pistil-determinant of SI. The segregation analysis of an F1-population indicated genetic linkage between the S-locus and the floral repressor gene KSN. The non-functional allele ksn is responsible for the CF characteristic. A total of five S-alleles (SC1-5) were identified from old CF cultivars. The frequency of cultivars with SC dramatically increased after the introgression of ksn from Chinese to European cultivars and remains high (80%) in modern cultivars, suggesting that S-genotyping is helpful for effective breeding. Wild individuals carrying SC were found in Rosa multiflora (SC1), Rosa chinensis var. spontanea (SC3), and Rosa gigantea (SC2, SC4), supporting the hypothesis of hybrid origins of CF cultivars and providing a new evidence for the involvement of Rosa multiflora.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85145408353&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1093/hr/uhac155

DO - 10.1093/hr/uhac155

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85145408353

VL - 9

JO - Horticulture research

JF - Horticulture research

SN - 2662-6810

M1 - uhac155

ER -