TY - JOUR

T1 - Survey and Comparison of Optimization-Based Aggregation Methods for the Determination of the Flexibility Potentials at Vertical System Interconnections

AU - Sarstedt, Marcel

AU - Kluß, Leonard

AU - Gerster, Johannes

AU - Meldau, Tobias

AU - Hofmann, Lutz

N1 - Funding Information: Funding: This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) project number—359921210.

PY - 2021/1/29

Y1 - 2021/1/29

N2 - The aggregation of operational active and reactive power flexibilities as the feasible operation region (FOR) is a main component of a hierarchical multi-voltage-level grid control as well as the cooperation of transmission and distribution system operators at vertical system interconnections. This article presents a new optimization-based aggregation approach, based on a modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) and compares it to non-linear and linear programming. The approach is to combine the advantages of stochastic and optimization-based methods to achieve an appropriate aggregation of flexibilities while obtaining additional meta information during the iterative solution process. The general principles for sampling an FOR are introduced in a survey of aggregation methods from the literature and the adaptation of the classic optimal power flow problem. The investigations are based on simulations of the Cigré medium voltage test system and are divided into three parts. The improvement of the classic PSO algorithm regarding the determination of the FOR are presented. The most suitable of four sampling strategies from the literature is identified and selected for the comparison of the optimization methods. The analysis of the results reveals a better performance of the modified PSO in sampling the FOR compared to the other optimization methods.

AB - The aggregation of operational active and reactive power flexibilities as the feasible operation region (FOR) is a main component of a hierarchical multi-voltage-level grid control as well as the cooperation of transmission and distribution system operators at vertical system interconnections. This article presents a new optimization-based aggregation approach, based on a modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) and compares it to non-linear and linear programming. The approach is to combine the advantages of stochastic and optimization-based methods to achieve an appropriate aggregation of flexibilities while obtaining additional meta information during the iterative solution process. The general principles for sampling an FOR are introduced in a survey of aggregation methods from the literature and the adaptation of the classic optimal power flow problem. The investigations are based on simulations of the Cigré medium voltage test system and are divided into three parts. The improvement of the classic PSO algorithm regarding the determination of the FOR are presented. The most suitable of four sampling strategies from the literature is identified and selected for the comparison of the optimization methods. The analysis of the results reveals a better performance of the modified PSO in sampling the FOR compared to the other optimization methods.

KW - Active distribution grid

KW - Aggregation of flexibilities

KW - DSO/DSO-cooperation

KW - Equivalent PQ-capability

KW - Feasible operation region

KW - Hierarchical grid control

KW - Optimization-based sampling

KW - PQ-flexibility area

KW - PQ-flexibility map

KW - TSO/DSO-cooperation

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85102152846&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/en14030687

DO - 10.3390/en14030687

M3 - Article

VL - 14

JO - ENERGIES

JF - ENERGIES

SN - 1996-1073

IS - 3

M1 - 687

ER -