TY - JOUR

T1 - Successful Sampling Strategy Advances Laboratory Studies of NMR Logging in Unconsolidated Aquifers

AU - Behroozmand, Ahmad A.

AU - Knight, Rosemary

AU - Müller-Petke, Mike

AU - Auken, Esben

AU - Barfod, Adrian A.S.

AU - Ferré, Ty P.A.

AU - Vilhelmsen, Troels N.

AU - Johnson, Carole D.

AU - Christiansen, Anders V.

N1 - Funding information: Ahmad A. Behroozmand was sup ported, in part, by funding from the Danish Council for Independent Research, FNU. Additional funding for the completion of this project was pro vided by Stanford University. The field data were acquired as part of the Danish Council for Strategic Research Project titled ‘HyGEM-integrating geophysics, geology and hydrology for improved groundwater and environmental management’. The first round of our laboratory NMR experiments was conducted at the Chevron Energy Technology Company, Richmond, California. Leibniz Institute of Applied Geophysics (LIAG) provided the logging NMR and magnetic susceptibility equipment. We thank Thomas Grelle and Jan-Thorsten Blanke, LIAG, for their assistance in the field. All data used in this study are available at https://stanford.box.com/s/ uk1rhkskho0nmjim9q62bq1tgk8rk8ds.

PY - 2017/11/16

Y1 - 2017/11/16

N2 - The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique has become popular in groundwater studies because it responds directly to the presence and mobility of water in a porous medium. There is a need to conduct laboratory experiments to aid in the development of NMR hydraulic conductivity models, as is typically done in the petroleum industry. However, the challenge has been obtaining high-quality laboratory samples from unconsolidated aquifers. At a study site in Denmark, we employed sonic drilling, which minimizes the disturbance of the surrounding material, and extracted twelve 7.6 cm diameter samples for laboratory measurements. We present a detailed comparison of the acquired laboratory and logging NMR data. The agreement observed between the laboratory and logging data suggests that the methodologies proposed in this study provide good conditions for studying NMR measurements of unconsolidated near-surface aquifers. Finally, we show how laboratory sample size and condition impact the NMR measurements.

AB - The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique has become popular in groundwater studies because it responds directly to the presence and mobility of water in a porous medium. There is a need to conduct laboratory experiments to aid in the development of NMR hydraulic conductivity models, as is typically done in the petroleum industry. However, the challenge has been obtaining high-quality laboratory samples from unconsolidated aquifers. At a study site in Denmark, we employed sonic drilling, which minimizes the disturbance of the surrounding material, and extracted twelve 7.6 cm diameter samples for laboratory measurements. We present a detailed comparison of the acquired laboratory and logging NMR data. The agreement observed between the laboratory and logging data suggests that the methodologies proposed in this study provide good conditions for studying NMR measurements of unconsolidated near-surface aquifers. Finally, we show how laboratory sample size and condition impact the NMR measurements.

KW - advanced sampling

KW - NMR

KW - unconsolidated aquifers

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85032979309&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1002/2017gl074999

DO - 10.1002/2017gl074999

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85032979309

VL - 44

SP - 11,021-11,029

JO - Geophysical research letters

JF - Geophysical research letters

SN - 0094-8276

IS - 21

ER -