TY - JOUR

T1 - Studies on water transport through the sweet cherry fruit surface

T2 - VIII. Effect of selected cations on water uptake and fruit cracking

AU - Weichert, Holger

AU - Von Jagemann, Carina

AU - Peschel, Stefanie

AU - Knoche, Moritz

AU - Neumann, Dieter

AU - Erfurth, Wilfried

PY - 2004/11

Y1 - 2004/11

N2 - Water uptake through the exocarp of intact sweet cherry [Prunus avium (L.)] fruit was determined gravimetrically in an immersion assay (25°C). Fruit with sealed pedicel/fruit juncture were incubated in water during the first interval (0 to 0.75 hour) and in 10 mM salt solutions of selected cations during the second (0.75 to 1.5 hours) and third interval (1.5 to 2.25 hours) of an experiment Rates of water uptake (F) were calculated for first, second and third intervals (FI, FII and FIII, respectively) and salt effects indexed by the ratios FII/FI and F III/FI. AgNO3 (FII/FI = 0.65), NaCl (0.70), BaCl2 (0.67), CdCl2 (0.69), CuCl 2 (0.42), HgCl2 (0.58), and SrCl2 (0.69), and the salts of trivalent cations AlCl3 (0.50), EuCl3 (0.58), and FeCl3 (0.49), significantly decreased water uptake into mature 'Sam' fruit as compared to the water control (0.87). KCl (0.82), NH 4Cl (0.85), CaCl2 (0.75), MgCl2 (0.88), MnCl2 (0.81), and ZnCl2 (0.72) had no effect, LiCl (1.00) increased uptake. Similar data were obtained for FIII/FI. The effect of FeCl3 on water uptake was independent of the presence of CaCl2, AlCl3, or CuCl2, as sequential or simultaneous treatment with these salts reduced water uptake to the same extent as with FeCl3 alone. Increasing FeCl3 concentration up to 1 mM decreased uptake, higher concentrations had no further effect. FeCl 3 and CaCl2 to a smaller extent decreased water uptake in developing 'Regina' sweet cherry fruit (55 to 91 days after full bloom). FeCl3 had no significant effect on water uptake along the pedicel/fruit juncture, but markedly reduced uptake through the exocarp of all cultivars investigated ('Burlat', 'Early Rivers', 'Hedelfinger', 'Knauffs', 'Regina', 'Sam', 'Summit', and 'Van'). Effects of CaCl2 on water uptake were limited to 'Burlat', 'Early Rivers', and 'Hedelfinger'. CaCl 2 and FeCl3 both decreased fruit cracking, but FeCl 3 was more effective. The mode of action of mineral salts in decreasing water uptake and fruit cracking and their potential for field use are discussed.

AB - Water uptake through the exocarp of intact sweet cherry [Prunus avium (L.)] fruit was determined gravimetrically in an immersion assay (25°C). Fruit with sealed pedicel/fruit juncture were incubated in water during the first interval (0 to 0.75 hour) and in 10 mM salt solutions of selected cations during the second (0.75 to 1.5 hours) and third interval (1.5 to 2.25 hours) of an experiment Rates of water uptake (F) were calculated for first, second and third intervals (FI, FII and FIII, respectively) and salt effects indexed by the ratios FII/FI and F III/FI. AgNO3 (FII/FI = 0.65), NaCl (0.70), BaCl2 (0.67), CdCl2 (0.69), CuCl 2 (0.42), HgCl2 (0.58), and SrCl2 (0.69), and the salts of trivalent cations AlCl3 (0.50), EuCl3 (0.58), and FeCl3 (0.49), significantly decreased water uptake into mature 'Sam' fruit as compared to the water control (0.87). KCl (0.82), NH 4Cl (0.85), CaCl2 (0.75), MgCl2 (0.88), MnCl2 (0.81), and ZnCl2 (0.72) had no effect, LiCl (1.00) increased uptake. Similar data were obtained for FIII/FI. The effect of FeCl3 on water uptake was independent of the presence of CaCl2, AlCl3, or CuCl2, as sequential or simultaneous treatment with these salts reduced water uptake to the same extent as with FeCl3 alone. Increasing FeCl3 concentration up to 1 mM decreased uptake, higher concentrations had no further effect. FeCl 3 and CaCl2 to a smaller extent decreased water uptake in developing 'Regina' sweet cherry fruit (55 to 91 days after full bloom). FeCl3 had no significant effect on water uptake along the pedicel/fruit juncture, but markedly reduced uptake through the exocarp of all cultivars investigated ('Burlat', 'Early Rivers', 'Hedelfinger', 'Knauffs', 'Regina', 'Sam', 'Summit', and 'Van'). Effects of CaCl2 on water uptake were limited to 'Burlat', 'Early Rivers', and 'Hedelfinger'. CaCl 2 and FeCl3 both decreased fruit cracking, but FeCl 3 was more effective. The mode of action of mineral salts in decreasing water uptake and fruit cracking and their potential for field use are discussed.

KW - Cuticle

KW - Permeance

KW - Prunus avium

KW - Splitting

KW - Water conductance

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=8644272589&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.21273/jashs.129.6.0781

DO - 10.21273/jashs.129.6.0781

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:8644272589

VL - 129

SP - 781

EP - 788

JO - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science

JF - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science

SN - 0003-1062

IS - 6

ER -