TY - JOUR

T1 - Simulating agroforestry adoption in rural Indonesia

T2 - The potential of trees on farms for livelihoods and environment

AU - Nöldeke, Beatrice

AU - Winter, Etti

AU - Laumonier, Yves

AU - Simamora, Trifosa

N1 - Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by the International Climate Initiative (IKI) of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), grant number 18_IV_064_Global_A_Trees on Farms; the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); the World Agroforestry (ICRAF) and the Consortium Research Program on Forests, Trees, and Agroforestry (CRP-FTA). Acknowledgments: The publication of this article was funded by the Open Access Fund of the Leibniz University of Hannover.

PY - 2021/4/7

Y1 - 2021/4/7

N2 - In recent years, agroforestry has gained increasing attention as an option to simultaneously alleviate poverty, provide ecological benefits, and mitigate climate change. The present study simulates small-scale farmers’ agroforestry adoption decisions to investigate the consequences for livelihoods and the environment over time. To explore the interdependencies between agroforestry adoption, livelihoods, and the environment, an agent-based model adjusted to a case study area in rural Indonesia was implemented. Thereby, the model compares different scenarios, including a climate change scenario. The agroforestry system under investigation consists of an illipe (Shorea stenoptera) rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) mix, which are both locally valued tree species. The simulations reveal that farmers who adopt agroforestry diversify their livelihood portfolio while increasing income. Additionally, the model predicts environmental benefits: enhanced biodiversity and higher carbon sequestration in the landscape. The benefits of agroforestry for livelihoods and nature gain particular importance in the climate change scenario. The results therefore provide policymakers and practitioners with insights into the dynamic economic and environmental advantages of promoting agroforestry.

AB - In recent years, agroforestry has gained increasing attention as an option to simultaneously alleviate poverty, provide ecological benefits, and mitigate climate change. The present study simulates small-scale farmers’ agroforestry adoption decisions to investigate the consequences for livelihoods and the environment over time. To explore the interdependencies between agroforestry adoption, livelihoods, and the environment, an agent-based model adjusted to a case study area in rural Indonesia was implemented. Thereby, the model compares different scenarios, including a climate change scenario. The agroforestry system under investigation consists of an illipe (Shorea stenoptera) rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) mix, which are both locally valued tree species. The simulations reveal that farmers who adopt agroforestry diversify their livelihood portfolio while increasing income. Additionally, the model predicts environmental benefits: enhanced biodiversity and higher carbon sequestration in the landscape. The benefits of agroforestry for livelihoods and nature gain particular importance in the climate change scenario. The results therefore provide policymakers and practitioners with insights into the dynamic economic and environmental advantages of promoting agroforestry.

KW - Agent-based modelling

KW - Agroforestry adoption

KW - Climate change

KW - Ecosystem services

KW - Indonesia

KW - Socioecological systems

KW - Sustainable rural development

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85104868276&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/land10040385

DO - 10.3390/land10040385

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85104868276

VL - 10

JO - Land

JF - Land

IS - 4

M1 - 385

ER -