TY - JOUR

T1 - Search of nearby resolved neutron stars among optical sources

AU - Bihain, Gabriel

N1 - Funding Information: (xvi) the SVO Filter Profile Service ( http://svo2.cab.inta-csic.es/theory/fps/ ; Rodrigo, Solano & Bayo ; Rodrigo & Solano ) supported from the Spanish MINECO through grant AYA2017-84089. Funding Information: (ix) data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia ( https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia ), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC; https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium ). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. Funding Information: (x) services or data provided by the Astro Data Lab at NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory. NOIRLab is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc. under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. Funding Information: (viii) data, tools, or materials developed as part of the EXPLORE project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 101004214. Funding Information: (xiv) data products from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

PY - 2023/10

Y1 - 2023/10

N2 - Neutron stars are identified as pulsars, X-ray binary components, central objects of supernovae remnants, or isolated thermally emitting sources and at distances beyond 120 pc. A population extrapolation suggests 103 objects within that boundary. Potentially, neutron stars could continuously emit gravitational waves at sensitivity reach of present instrumentation. As part of our Search for the Nearest Neutron Stars ‘‘Five Seasons’’ project, we search for nearby resolved neutron stars. Based on expected fluxes and magnitudes of thermally cooling neutron stars and pulsars, we selected sources in Gaia DR3. The sources have G-band absolute magnitudes MG > 16 mag, parallax signal-to-noise ratios greater than two, and colours GBP − G < 0.78 and G − GRP < 0.91 mag for power-law emitters of flux Fν ∝ ν−αν with spectral indices αν < 3. The photometric region overlaps with that of white dwarfs, in confluence with most known pulsars in binaries having white dwarf companions. We looked for counterparts in gamma-ray, X-ray, ultraviolet, radio, optical, and infrared catalogues. We find about two X-ray-, 15 ultraviolet-, one radio probable counterparts, and at least four sources with power-law profiles at the ultraviolet–optical (–infrared). Because the sources have G ≳ 20 mag, we rely on Gaia DR3 single-source parameters. We identify possible binaries based on photoastrometric parameters, visual companions, and flux excesses. Some emission components suggest small thermal radii. Source types, neutron star content, and properties require further inquiry.

AB - Neutron stars are identified as pulsars, X-ray binary components, central objects of supernovae remnants, or isolated thermally emitting sources and at distances beyond 120 pc. A population extrapolation suggests 103 objects within that boundary. Potentially, neutron stars could continuously emit gravitational waves at sensitivity reach of present instrumentation. As part of our Search for the Nearest Neutron Stars ‘‘Five Seasons’’ project, we search for nearby resolved neutron stars. Based on expected fluxes and magnitudes of thermally cooling neutron stars and pulsars, we selected sources in Gaia DR3. The sources have G-band absolute magnitudes MG > 16 mag, parallax signal-to-noise ratios greater than two, and colours GBP − G < 0.78 and G − GRP < 0.91 mag for power-law emitters of flux Fν ∝ ν−αν with spectral indices αν < 3. The photometric region overlaps with that of white dwarfs, in confluence with most known pulsars in binaries having white dwarf companions. We looked for counterparts in gamma-ray, X-ray, ultraviolet, radio, optical, and infrared catalogues. We find about two X-ray-, 15 ultraviolet-, one radio probable counterparts, and at least four sources with power-law profiles at the ultraviolet–optical (–infrared). Because the sources have G ≳ 20 mag, we rely on Gaia DR3 single-source parameters. We identify possible binaries based on photoastrometric parameters, visual companions, and flux excesses. Some emission components suggest small thermal radii. Source types, neutron star content, and properties require further inquiry.

KW - pulsars: general

KW - solar neighbourhood

KW - stars: neutron

KW - white dwarfs

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85168768102&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.48550/arXiv.2308.00104

DO - 10.48550/arXiv.2308.00104

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85168768102

VL - 524

SP - 5658

EP - 5707

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

SN - 0035-8711

IS - 4

ER -